NUR 305A Final Exam Testbank.
Newest Edition 2025-2026. Questions
& Correct Answers. Graded A
•A client develops respiratory alkalosis. When the nurse is reviewing the
laboratory results, which finding is consistent with respiratory alkalosis?
a.An elevated pH, elevated PCO2
b.A decreased pH, elevated PCO2
c.An elevated pH, decreased PCO2
d.A decreased pH, decreased PCO2 - ANS•C- An elevated pH, decreased
PCO2
•
•In respiratory alkalosis the pH level is elevated because of loss of
hydrogen ions; the PCO2 level is low because carbon dioxide is lost
through hyperventilation. An elevated pH, elevated PCO2 is partially
compensated metabolic alkalosis. A decreased pH, elevated PCO2 is
respiratory acidosis. A decreased pH, decreased PCO2 is metabolic
acidosis with some compensation.
•A client is admitted with metabolic acidosis. The nurse considers that two
body systems interact with the bicarbonate buffer system to preserve
healthy body fluid pH. What two body systems should the nurse assess for
compensatory changes?
a.Skeletal and nervous
b.Circulatory and urinary
,c.Respiratory and urinary
d.Muscular and endocrine - ANS•C- Respiratory and urinary
•Increased respirations blow off carbon dioxide (CO2), which decreases the
hydrogen ion concentration and the pH increases (less acidity). Decreased
respirations result in CO2 buildup, which increases hydrogen ion
concentration and the pH falls (more acidity). The kidneys either conserve
or excrete bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, which helps to adjust the body's
pH. The buffering capacity of the renal system is greater than that of the
pulmonary system, but the pulmonary system is quicker to respond.
Skeletal and nervous systems do not maintain the pH, nor do muscular and
endocrine systems. Although the circulatory system carries fluids and
electrolytes to the kidneys, it does not interact with the urinary system to
regulate plasma pH.
•A client is in a state of uncompensated acidosis. What approximate arterial
blood pH does the nurse expect the client to have?
a.7.20
b.7.35
c.7.45
7.48 - ANS•A- 7.20
•
•The pH of blood is maintained within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45.
When there is an increase in hydrogen ions, the respiratory, buffer, and
renal systems attempt to compensate to maintain the pH. If compensation
is not successful, acidosis results and is reflected in a lower pH.
,•A client with hyperthyroidism is treated with radioactive iodine to ablate
thyroid tissue. What should the nurse instruct the client to do after the
procedure?
a.Remain in the house.
b.Avoid holding an infant.
c.Save urine in a lead-lined container.
Refrain from using a bathroom used by others. - ANS•B- Avoid holding an
infant.
•Infants are particularly sensitive to radioactivity; even the small amount
emitted after treatment may affect infants. It is not necessary to avoid
leaving the house as long as close proximity to others is avoided. Saving
urine in a lead-lined container is not necessary; the same bathroom may be
used by all members of the family, but the toilet should be flushed two to
three times after use by the client. Refraining from using a bathroom used
by others is not necessary.
•A client's parathyroid glands are removed with total thyroidectomy surgery.
What clinical manifestation is indicative of the fluid and electrolyte
imbalance associated with this surgery?
a.Constipation
b.Muscle spasms
c.Hypoactive reflexes
d.Increased specific gravity - ANS•B- Muscle spasms
•
•Removal of the parathyroids causes hypocalcemia and associated
neuromuscular irritability. Constipation is a sign of hypercalcemia.
, Hypoactive reflexes are signs of hypercalcemia. Increased specific gravity
is a sign of fluid volume deficit.
•A nurse administers the drug desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) to a client
with diabetes insipidus. What should the nurse monitor to evaluate the
effectiveness of the drug?
a.Arterial blood pH
b.Intake and output
c.Fasting serum glucose
Pulse and respiratory rates - ANS•B-Intake and output
•
•DDAVP replaces antidiuretic hormone (ADH), facilitating reabsorption of
water and consequent return of a balanced fluid intake and urinary output.
The mechanisms that regulate pH are not affected. DDAVP does not alter
serum glucose levels; diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus, results in
hyperglycemia. Although correction of tachycardia is consistent with
correction of dehydration, the client is not dehydrated if the fluid intake is
adequate; respirations are unaffected.
•A nurse in the pediatric unit is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a
4-year-old child recovering from severe dehydration. Which results most
accurately reflect the child's recovery?
a.pH 7.50, Po2 85 mm Hg,Pco2 35 mm Hg
b.pH 7.25, Po2 60 mm Hg, Pco2 50 mm Hg
c.pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm Hg, Pco2 40 mm Hg
d.pH 7.45, Po2 70 mm Hg, Pco2 25 mm Hg - ANS•C- pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm
Hg, Pco2 40 mm Hg
Newest Edition 2025-2026. Questions
& Correct Answers. Graded A
•A client develops respiratory alkalosis. When the nurse is reviewing the
laboratory results, which finding is consistent with respiratory alkalosis?
a.An elevated pH, elevated PCO2
b.A decreased pH, elevated PCO2
c.An elevated pH, decreased PCO2
d.A decreased pH, decreased PCO2 - ANS•C- An elevated pH, decreased
PCO2
•
•In respiratory alkalosis the pH level is elevated because of loss of
hydrogen ions; the PCO2 level is low because carbon dioxide is lost
through hyperventilation. An elevated pH, elevated PCO2 is partially
compensated metabolic alkalosis. A decreased pH, elevated PCO2 is
respiratory acidosis. A decreased pH, decreased PCO2 is metabolic
acidosis with some compensation.
•A client is admitted with metabolic acidosis. The nurse considers that two
body systems interact with the bicarbonate buffer system to preserve
healthy body fluid pH. What two body systems should the nurse assess for
compensatory changes?
a.Skeletal and nervous
b.Circulatory and urinary
,c.Respiratory and urinary
d.Muscular and endocrine - ANS•C- Respiratory and urinary
•Increased respirations blow off carbon dioxide (CO2), which decreases the
hydrogen ion concentration and the pH increases (less acidity). Decreased
respirations result in CO2 buildup, which increases hydrogen ion
concentration and the pH falls (more acidity). The kidneys either conserve
or excrete bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, which helps to adjust the body's
pH. The buffering capacity of the renal system is greater than that of the
pulmonary system, but the pulmonary system is quicker to respond.
Skeletal and nervous systems do not maintain the pH, nor do muscular and
endocrine systems. Although the circulatory system carries fluids and
electrolytes to the kidneys, it does not interact with the urinary system to
regulate plasma pH.
•A client is in a state of uncompensated acidosis. What approximate arterial
blood pH does the nurse expect the client to have?
a.7.20
b.7.35
c.7.45
7.48 - ANS•A- 7.20
•
•The pH of blood is maintained within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45.
When there is an increase in hydrogen ions, the respiratory, buffer, and
renal systems attempt to compensate to maintain the pH. If compensation
is not successful, acidosis results and is reflected in a lower pH.
,•A client with hyperthyroidism is treated with radioactive iodine to ablate
thyroid tissue. What should the nurse instruct the client to do after the
procedure?
a.Remain in the house.
b.Avoid holding an infant.
c.Save urine in a lead-lined container.
Refrain from using a bathroom used by others. - ANS•B- Avoid holding an
infant.
•Infants are particularly sensitive to radioactivity; even the small amount
emitted after treatment may affect infants. It is not necessary to avoid
leaving the house as long as close proximity to others is avoided. Saving
urine in a lead-lined container is not necessary; the same bathroom may be
used by all members of the family, but the toilet should be flushed two to
three times after use by the client. Refraining from using a bathroom used
by others is not necessary.
•A client's parathyroid glands are removed with total thyroidectomy surgery.
What clinical manifestation is indicative of the fluid and electrolyte
imbalance associated with this surgery?
a.Constipation
b.Muscle spasms
c.Hypoactive reflexes
d.Increased specific gravity - ANS•B- Muscle spasms
•
•Removal of the parathyroids causes hypocalcemia and associated
neuromuscular irritability. Constipation is a sign of hypercalcemia.
, Hypoactive reflexes are signs of hypercalcemia. Increased specific gravity
is a sign of fluid volume deficit.
•A nurse administers the drug desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) to a client
with diabetes insipidus. What should the nurse monitor to evaluate the
effectiveness of the drug?
a.Arterial blood pH
b.Intake and output
c.Fasting serum glucose
Pulse and respiratory rates - ANS•B-Intake and output
•
•DDAVP replaces antidiuretic hormone (ADH), facilitating reabsorption of
water and consequent return of a balanced fluid intake and urinary output.
The mechanisms that regulate pH are not affected. DDAVP does not alter
serum glucose levels; diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus, results in
hyperglycemia. Although correction of tachycardia is consistent with
correction of dehydration, the client is not dehydrated if the fluid intake is
adequate; respirations are unaffected.
•A nurse in the pediatric unit is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a
4-year-old child recovering from severe dehydration. Which results most
accurately reflect the child's recovery?
a.pH 7.50, Po2 85 mm Hg,Pco2 35 mm Hg
b.pH 7.25, Po2 60 mm Hg, Pco2 50 mm Hg
c.pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm Hg, Pco2 40 mm Hg
d.pH 7.45, Po2 70 mm Hg, Pco2 25 mm Hg - ANS•C- pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm
Hg, Pco2 40 mm Hg
