Psych 130 first midterm ucla Questions AND Correct Answers
advantages and disadvantages of eye tracking - ✔✔advantages: requires no explicit response from
subject, same dependent variable across different ages and populations
disadvantages: difficult to achieve due to motion and calibration
aggregation - ✔✔(3) adhering to similar cells
apoptosis - ✔✔(6) selective cell death and synapse elimination (pruning)
babinski reflex - ✔✔a baby's toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe; perhaps
a remnant of evolution
Behavioral theory - ✔✔conclusions about human behavior should be based on observable behaviors;
1. classical conditioning (watson)
2. operant conditioning (skinner)
blink reflex - ✔✔a baby's eyes close in response to bright light or loud noise; protects the eyes
c-shaped development - ✔✔axons and glia; brain develops in a c-shape
Campos/Adolph - ✔✔baby is part of a dynamic system: motor development driving perceptual
development. moving through the world teaches you things about depth
carolyn rovee collier testing infant memory - ✔✔assess baseline kicking. then tie mobile to 2-3 month
old's ankle; takes a while for infant to realize that kicking does something. test to see if infant
remembers kicking consequences
cephalocaudal - ✔✔head to toe
, charles darwin's theory of evolution - ✔✔inspired research in child development in order to gain insights
into the nature of the human species
chemosensation (taste and smell) - ✔✔have taste preferences (can be influenced by prenatal
environment; breast fed babies recognize mother by odor
classical conditioning - ✔✔(watson) no inborn tendencies, all paired associations - little albert
cognitive developmental viewpoint (piaget's theory of cognitive development) - ✔✔active explorers
who create schemas. when they encounter disequilibrium, they assimilate or accommodate knowledge.
follows an invariant sequence.
cohort effect - ✔✔non-developmental effects caused by differences in group experiences
continuous development - ✔✔age-related changes occur gradually; quantitative
critical period - ✔✔time in the early stages of an organism's life during which it displays a heightened
sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli, and develops in particular ways due to experiences at this
time. If the organism does not receive the appropriate stimulus during this "critical period", it may be
difficult, or even impossible, to develop some functions later in life.
delay of gratification task - ✔✔present with one small marshmallow now, or wait until later for large
marshmallow. the experimenter leaves the room and monitors the behavior of the child; preschoolers
do very poorly, but by 6 they do much better
differentiation - ✔✔(4) specialization
discontinuous development - ✔✔age-related changes include occasional large shifts so that children of
different ages seem qualitatively different
early maturers (girls) - ✔✔more anxious and depressed, less outgoing and popular
advantages and disadvantages of eye tracking - ✔✔advantages: requires no explicit response from
subject, same dependent variable across different ages and populations
disadvantages: difficult to achieve due to motion and calibration
aggregation - ✔✔(3) adhering to similar cells
apoptosis - ✔✔(6) selective cell death and synapse elimination (pruning)
babinski reflex - ✔✔a baby's toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe; perhaps
a remnant of evolution
Behavioral theory - ✔✔conclusions about human behavior should be based on observable behaviors;
1. classical conditioning (watson)
2. operant conditioning (skinner)
blink reflex - ✔✔a baby's eyes close in response to bright light or loud noise; protects the eyes
c-shaped development - ✔✔axons and glia; brain develops in a c-shape
Campos/Adolph - ✔✔baby is part of a dynamic system: motor development driving perceptual
development. moving through the world teaches you things about depth
carolyn rovee collier testing infant memory - ✔✔assess baseline kicking. then tie mobile to 2-3 month
old's ankle; takes a while for infant to realize that kicking does something. test to see if infant
remembers kicking consequences
cephalocaudal - ✔✔head to toe
, charles darwin's theory of evolution - ✔✔inspired research in child development in order to gain insights
into the nature of the human species
chemosensation (taste and smell) - ✔✔have taste preferences (can be influenced by prenatal
environment; breast fed babies recognize mother by odor
classical conditioning - ✔✔(watson) no inborn tendencies, all paired associations - little albert
cognitive developmental viewpoint (piaget's theory of cognitive development) - ✔✔active explorers
who create schemas. when they encounter disequilibrium, they assimilate or accommodate knowledge.
follows an invariant sequence.
cohort effect - ✔✔non-developmental effects caused by differences in group experiences
continuous development - ✔✔age-related changes occur gradually; quantitative
critical period - ✔✔time in the early stages of an organism's life during which it displays a heightened
sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli, and develops in particular ways due to experiences at this
time. If the organism does not receive the appropriate stimulus during this "critical period", it may be
difficult, or even impossible, to develop some functions later in life.
delay of gratification task - ✔✔present with one small marshmallow now, or wait until later for large
marshmallow. the experimenter leaves the room and monitors the behavior of the child; preschoolers
do very poorly, but by 6 they do much better
differentiation - ✔✔(4) specialization
discontinuous development - ✔✔age-related changes include occasional large shifts so that children of
different ages seem qualitatively different
early maturers (girls) - ✔✔more anxious and depressed, less outgoing and popular
