AP BIOLOGY EXAM: COLLEGE
BOARD
What are ionic bonds - Correct Answers -transfer of valence electrons between atoms
Covalent Bonds - Correct Answers -Sharing of electrons are occurring
Monosaccharides - Correct Answers -glucose, fructose, galactose
What are peroxisomes - Correct Answers -found in both plant and animal cells
contain catalase
detoxify alcohol in liver cells
What is passive transport - Correct Answers -Molecules movement down a
concentration gradient from a high to low concentration
What is a hypotonic solution - Correct Answers -This is a concentration of solute in the
beaker that is less than the concentration of solute inside of the actual cell
What is the primary structure of proteins - Correct Answers -Refers to unique linear
structure of amino acids. The slightest change in amino acid structure means extreme
consequences that are detrimental
Describe the structure and organelles of prokaryotic organisms - Correct Answers --No
internal membranes
-No nuclear membrane
-Mitochondrions
-Vacuoles
-Cytoskeleton is absent
-Mainly unicellular
Describe the structure and organelles of an euokaryotic organism - Correct Answers --
Cell membrane bound organelles
-The ribosomes are usually surrounded by histone proteins
-Cytoskeleton is present
-Multi-cellular with differentiation of cell types
What is interphase? - Correct Answers -Consists of G1 and G2;
G1 phase is a period of intense growth and biochemical activity
G2 is when the cell continues to grow and to complete preparations for cellular division
, What does it mean when a cell is turgid - Correct Answers -When water has moved into
the cell and ultimately has swelled it up a lot to the point where it is hard snd such
What does it mean when a cell is flaccid - Correct Answers -A flaccid cell means water
has moved out of the cell and has made it lose and such
What are G-protein coupled receptors? - Correct Answers -Span entire cellular
membrane; when ligand binds to extracellular domain of the receptor; it changes
conformation of cytoplasmic side receptor
What is signal transduction pathway? - Correct Answers -Multi-Step process in which a
small number of extracellular signal molecules produce a major cellular response;
cascade response, like falling dominoes
ADVANTAGE: produces a way for the signal to be amplified all across the cell
Why is apoptosis a thing - Correct Answers -1) During embryonic development, when
cells or tissues are no longer needed, they die and are engulfed by neighboring cells
2) Cell has sustained too much genetic damage which can lead to cancer
3) In plant cells, apoptosis is an important defense mechanism against infections
What is the electron transport chain? - Correct Answers -A protein pump in the
mitochondria that couples two reactions, one endergonic and one exergonic
What are the stages of meiosis 1 - Correct Answers -Prophase 1
-Synapsis, pairing of homologous
-Crossing over, exchange of homologous bits of chromosomes
-Chiasmata, visible manifestations of crossover events
Metaphase 1:
-Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up in a double line along the metaphase
plate
-Splindle fibers from poles are attached to centromeres
Anaphase 1: The homologous pairs of cchromosomes are separated and pull apart
Cytokinesis 1: Usually occurs simultaneously with telophase 1
What is cell cycle regulation - Correct Answers -Several checkpoints that act as built in
stop signals that halt the cell unless they are overridden by go ahead signals
BOARD
What are ionic bonds - Correct Answers -transfer of valence electrons between atoms
Covalent Bonds - Correct Answers -Sharing of electrons are occurring
Monosaccharides - Correct Answers -glucose, fructose, galactose
What are peroxisomes - Correct Answers -found in both plant and animal cells
contain catalase
detoxify alcohol in liver cells
What is passive transport - Correct Answers -Molecules movement down a
concentration gradient from a high to low concentration
What is a hypotonic solution - Correct Answers -This is a concentration of solute in the
beaker that is less than the concentration of solute inside of the actual cell
What is the primary structure of proteins - Correct Answers -Refers to unique linear
structure of amino acids. The slightest change in amino acid structure means extreme
consequences that are detrimental
Describe the structure and organelles of prokaryotic organisms - Correct Answers --No
internal membranes
-No nuclear membrane
-Mitochondrions
-Vacuoles
-Cytoskeleton is absent
-Mainly unicellular
Describe the structure and organelles of an euokaryotic organism - Correct Answers --
Cell membrane bound organelles
-The ribosomes are usually surrounded by histone proteins
-Cytoskeleton is present
-Multi-cellular with differentiation of cell types
What is interphase? - Correct Answers -Consists of G1 and G2;
G1 phase is a period of intense growth and biochemical activity
G2 is when the cell continues to grow and to complete preparations for cellular division
, What does it mean when a cell is turgid - Correct Answers -When water has moved into
the cell and ultimately has swelled it up a lot to the point where it is hard snd such
What does it mean when a cell is flaccid - Correct Answers -A flaccid cell means water
has moved out of the cell and has made it lose and such
What are G-protein coupled receptors? - Correct Answers -Span entire cellular
membrane; when ligand binds to extracellular domain of the receptor; it changes
conformation of cytoplasmic side receptor
What is signal transduction pathway? - Correct Answers -Multi-Step process in which a
small number of extracellular signal molecules produce a major cellular response;
cascade response, like falling dominoes
ADVANTAGE: produces a way for the signal to be amplified all across the cell
Why is apoptosis a thing - Correct Answers -1) During embryonic development, when
cells or tissues are no longer needed, they die and are engulfed by neighboring cells
2) Cell has sustained too much genetic damage which can lead to cancer
3) In plant cells, apoptosis is an important defense mechanism against infections
What is the electron transport chain? - Correct Answers -A protein pump in the
mitochondria that couples two reactions, one endergonic and one exergonic
What are the stages of meiosis 1 - Correct Answers -Prophase 1
-Synapsis, pairing of homologous
-Crossing over, exchange of homologous bits of chromosomes
-Chiasmata, visible manifestations of crossover events
Metaphase 1:
-Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up in a double line along the metaphase
plate
-Splindle fibers from poles are attached to centromeres
Anaphase 1: The homologous pairs of cchromosomes are separated and pull apart
Cytokinesis 1: Usually occurs simultaneously with telophase 1
What is cell cycle regulation - Correct Answers -Several checkpoints that act as built in
stop signals that halt the cell unless they are overridden by go ahead signals
