Forensic Biology Final Exam Study Guide | DNA, Serology, Pathology, and Death Investigation | Questions and Answers

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Forensic Biology Final Exam Study Guide | DNA, Serology, Pathology, and Death Investigation | Questions and Answers

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12 pages

2025/2026

Institution Forensic Biology

Course Forensic biology

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This Forensic Biology Final Exam Study Guide provides a complete overview of key forensic science concepts, laboratory methods, and casework standards. It covers blood group typing, STR and VNTR DNA analysis, CODIS system, electrophoresis, PCR, serological assays, and species identification techniques. Students will also find detailed notes on forensic pathology, cause and manner of death, decomposition stages, Livor and Rigor Mortis, and time-of-death estimation. The document explains essential lab processes such as quality assurance, validation, proficiency testing, and accreditation standards (ASCLD/LAB, SWGDAM, ISFG). Ideal for forensic biology students preparing for final exams or professional certification.

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Forensic Biology: Final
Exam

, Blood groups are defined as antigen polymorphisms present on the surfaces of ___________.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

Erythrocytes.

All individuals have the ___ antigen, which is also known as the H antigen.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr O.

Which gene encodes A-transferase and B-transferases?
kr kr kr kr kr ABO gene. kr

How many amino acid substitutions do A and B alleles differ? 4.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

What are secretors? What gene determines whether an individual is a secretor or not?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

Secretors are people who exude blood- kr kr kr kr kr

group antigens like saliva in their bodily fluids. The gene that determines whether or not an individu
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

al is a secretor is the red blood cells.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

*****What are the two assays commonly used for blood typing? kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr Lattice-crossed Assay and kr kr

Electrophoresis is a common technique to profile protein. The biological activity of the protein can kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

be retained in which type of electrophoresis? Native electrophoresis.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

What compound is used as detergent?
kr kr kr kr kr Sodium Dodecylsulfate. kr

What is Isoelectric Point (pI)? The pH value at which the net electric charge of an amino acid is zero.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

What are the two types of hemoglobin variants most frequently used in forensic testing?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

Fetal hemoglobin and sickle-cell hemoglobin. kr kr kr kr

Humans have three forms of Hb during their development, and they exhibit differential affinities to
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

oxygen. Which form of Hb has the lowest affinity to oxygen? Adult Hb.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

What type of Hb transports oxygen much less efficiently than normal Hb? What is its abbreviation?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

Sickle-cell Hb; HbS kr kr

Which protein is most widely used of the polymorphic serum proteins in forensic biology?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

Haptoglobin.

What are 3 advantages of using STR loci over VNTR in forensic analysis?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

1. STR loci can be amplified during PCR kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

2. STR profiling can be used even on degraded DNA samples
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

3. STR loci are more suitable for multiplex amplification.
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

Which STR repeat unit is most commonly used in forensic DNA profiling?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr Tetrameic.

Which of the following repeats are found in STR loci?
kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr kr

a. simple repeats
kr kr

Connected book

Richard Li Forensic Biology

Publisher: 2025 ISBN: 9781040261675 Edition: Unknown

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Uploaded on: November 1, 2025
Number of pages: 12
Written in: 2025/2026
Type: Exam (elaborations)
Contains: Questions & answers

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