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MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS

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MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS

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How does medulla help the conduction system of heart?


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medulla controls ANS; chemoreceptors in blood detect changes,
baroreceptors in carotid arteries detect changes l/t hormones that
stimulate PNS/SNS w/epi/norepi release to control heart rate

,Define total lung capacity (TLC)


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volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation




what are oncogene?


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oncogene is the result of mutation on photo-oncogenes' act like
accelerators, occurs mostly on somatic cells




what is the major treatment approach for gangrene?


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removing affective tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to
gangrene




What does low hemoglobin represent in cancer?


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, this represents low red blood cells, either due to bleeding, or because
cancer cell is diverting blood as it needs blood to grow .




what is ventilation-perfusion ratio? (VQ )


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measurement of the efficacy and adequacy of adequate ventilation and
sufficient perfusion




What do macrophages do in lung?


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phagocytize foreign substances; keep lungs clean




what is the advantage and disadvantage of radiation for colon CA?


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advantage = cancels cell mutation and interrupts tumor blood supply
Disadvantage = can damage normal cells including blood cells




Why does PO2 drops in COPD?


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, PO2 drops because there is decrease oxygenation occurring due to
damaged alveoli




how do cellular responses damage cells?


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with decrease ATP the Na/K pump fails and tissue swells damaging the cell.




What causes cell death in MI?


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unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation
cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds
ischemia, 20 minutes cell die




Describe FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis


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Gene defect on chromosome 1 or 5; involves tumor suppressor genes,
hereditary condition




what are the three stages of shock progression?

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