KIN240 Exam #1 Questions with Correct Answers

KIN240 Exam #1 Questions with Correct Answers Experience - Correct Answer perspectives about the world gained through involvement and interactions with particular situations Vicarious experience - Correct Answer perspectives acquired through the involvement and interactions of other individuals, rather than through the individual's own personal involvement and interactions with a situation (2nd hand experience) What do individuals with high levels of experience exhibit? - Correct Answer the tendency to do less information searching with a decision High levels of experienced individuals do less information searching except when: - Correct Answer they encounter highly similar information that already confirms their pre-existing beliefs What do people with high levels of experience do? - Correct Answer stop searching for more experiences when new information contradicts or conflicts with pre-existing beliefs or past perceptions Confirmation bias - Correct Answer the tendency to selectively value information that confirms and reinforces existing beliefs and perspectives When is confirmation bias beneficial? - Correct Answer only when individual beliefs and perspectives are valid predictors for successful decision making. efficient in not having to search for more information and evaluate it Expertise - Correct Answer possessing exceptional knowledge, understanding and skill of a particular domain (experience included) Experts vs Non-experts - Correct Answer Experts: exhibit an ability to comprehend a situation, consider factors that matter and make a decision that improves situation Non-experts: unlikely to fully understand situation, not aware of specific factors that matter in a situation Dunning-Kruger Effect - Correct Answer individuals with low ability or knowledge in an area overestimates own ability or knowledge in that area Halo Effect - Correct Answer a cognitive bias whereby inaccurate characteristics are assigned to a subject based upon other known characteristics Halo Effect in 3 ways - Correct Answer 1. assumption that prior experience in a situation makes one automatically qualified 2. assigning greater levels of expertise