Psych 203: exam 1 || A+ Graded Already.
3 components of what we mean by "science"? correct answers content, method, attitude
What is science? correct answers an organized body of knowledge on a particular subject
What are the various non-scientific ways of knowing? correct answers tenacity, intuition,
authority, rationalism, and empiricism
Tenacity and problem? correct answers "It is just known to be this way"
Problems: accuracy, mere exposure effect, refusal to accept contradictory evidence
Intuition and problem? correct answers Hunch/feeling that something is correct
Problem: difficult to determine accuracy
Authority and problem? correct answers Trusted authority tells you the facts
Problem: what is basis claim, how do you know it is correct, and claims often go unchallenged
Rationalism and problem? correct answers Starting with basic principles, use logic or reasoning
to establish new facts
Problems:
Empiricism and problem? correct answers Knowledge is based on direct observation
Problem: not all phenomena are directly observable, perception does not equal reality
What are the steps of the scientific method? correct answers Identify a problem
design the research study
conduct the study
analyze and interpret results
communicate the findings
continue the research cycle
Why is identifying the problem important? correct answers you form a hypothesis
Why is designing the research study important? correct answers Measurement and sampling
happen
Why is conduct the study important? correct answers you collect your data
Why is analyzing and interpreting results important? correct answers Summarizing what we
found, organizing, simplifying data
, Why is communicating the findings important? correct answers for other researchers to evaluate,
replicate, verify, and extend
Why is continuing the research cycle important? correct answers examine new questions
What are the properties of a good theory? correct answers Predictions, testable, and not
permanent
How are theories, hypotheses, and data related to one another? correct answers Is a logical one
What are the four properties of a good hypothesis? correct answers -Linked to theory and/or
background literature
-testable/falsifiable
-precise
-parsimonious/simple
Issues with "linked to theory and/or background literature"? correct answers Is critical for
determining the state of knowledge in an area, and developing a new idea
Issues with "testable/falsifiable"? correct answers
Issues with "precise"? correct answers replicated
Issues with "parsimonious/simple"? correct answers Hypothesis is based on few or no untested
assumptions
Operational definition? correct answers are the means by which we measure a construct, based
on external factors
Good operation definitions is correct answers observable and replicable
Independent variable? correct answers variable believed to be the cause of some change
Dependent variable? correct answers variable believed to be effective, it "depends" on the value
of the other
Self-report measures? correct answers rely on participants' self-assessments of their behavior,
thoughts, and experiences
What different types of questions can be used with self-report measure? correct answers -Open-
ended
-fixed-alternative
-rating scale response
Open-ended? correct answers essay-type questions with no fixed answer
3 components of what we mean by "science"? correct answers content, method, attitude
What is science? correct answers an organized body of knowledge on a particular subject
What are the various non-scientific ways of knowing? correct answers tenacity, intuition,
authority, rationalism, and empiricism
Tenacity and problem? correct answers "It is just known to be this way"
Problems: accuracy, mere exposure effect, refusal to accept contradictory evidence
Intuition and problem? correct answers Hunch/feeling that something is correct
Problem: difficult to determine accuracy
Authority and problem? correct answers Trusted authority tells you the facts
Problem: what is basis claim, how do you know it is correct, and claims often go unchallenged
Rationalism and problem? correct answers Starting with basic principles, use logic or reasoning
to establish new facts
Problems:
Empiricism and problem? correct answers Knowledge is based on direct observation
Problem: not all phenomena are directly observable, perception does not equal reality
What are the steps of the scientific method? correct answers Identify a problem
design the research study
conduct the study
analyze and interpret results
communicate the findings
continue the research cycle
Why is identifying the problem important? correct answers you form a hypothesis
Why is designing the research study important? correct answers Measurement and sampling
happen
Why is conduct the study important? correct answers you collect your data
Why is analyzing and interpreting results important? correct answers Summarizing what we
found, organizing, simplifying data
, Why is communicating the findings important? correct answers for other researchers to evaluate,
replicate, verify, and extend
Why is continuing the research cycle important? correct answers examine new questions
What are the properties of a good theory? correct answers Predictions, testable, and not
permanent
How are theories, hypotheses, and data related to one another? correct answers Is a logical one
What are the four properties of a good hypothesis? correct answers -Linked to theory and/or
background literature
-testable/falsifiable
-precise
-parsimonious/simple
Issues with "linked to theory and/or background literature"? correct answers Is critical for
determining the state of knowledge in an area, and developing a new idea
Issues with "testable/falsifiable"? correct answers
Issues with "precise"? correct answers replicated
Issues with "parsimonious/simple"? correct answers Hypothesis is based on few or no untested
assumptions
Operational definition? correct answers are the means by which we measure a construct, based
on external factors
Good operation definitions is correct answers observable and replicable
Independent variable? correct answers variable believed to be the cause of some change
Dependent variable? correct answers variable believed to be effective, it "depends" on the value
of the other
Self-report measures? correct answers rely on participants' self-assessments of their behavior,
thoughts, and experiences
What different types of questions can be used with self-report measure? correct answers -Open-
ended
-fixed-alternative
-rating scale response
Open-ended? correct answers essay-type questions with no fixed answer
