NUR 318 (UAB): Exam 2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Acid Correct Answer -A substance that dissociates or ionizes
into H+ ion and anion (negatively charged particle)
-a hydrogen donor; H+ has to be neutralized or excreted
Acidosis Correct Answer Elevation of H+ concentration of
body fluid above normal OR decrease in HCO3- resulting in a
pH lower than 7.35
Acute complications of diabetes Correct Answer
Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia (more dangerous than hyper over
long period of time), DKA in T1DM, hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) in T2DM
Acute renal failure (acute kidney injury or AKI) Correct
Answer -an abrupt insult to the kidney that causes rapid
decrease in renal filtration function
-common cause is ischemia of the kidney
-there is an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the
body
-with appropriate interventions, normal renal function can
return, usually within 2 weeks to 3 months of the initial
precipitating event
Addison's disease Correct Answer adrenal insufficiency is most
commonly caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal
gland
,Addison's disease signs and symptoms Correct Answer
Weakness, hypotension, easy fatigue, inability to concentrate,
emotional lability, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia,
electrolyte imbalances, women have loss of pubic and auxiliary
hair and amenorrhea
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Correct Answer
Regulate levels of cortisol
Aldosterone Correct Answer Increases Na+ and H2O into the
bloodstream from tubule fluid; goal is to increase blood pressure
Alkalosis Correct Answer Decrease in the H+ concentration of
the body fluids OR an excess of HCO3- resulting in an increase
in pH greater than 7.45
Allele Correct Answer Corresponding genes on each chromatid
Amniocentesis Correct Answer 16-18 weeks into pregnancy;
amniotic fluid is taken and chromosomal analysis done
Aneuploidy Correct Answer Abnormal number of
chromosomes; happens during chromosomal division
anterior pituitary Correct Answer Secretes growth hormone,
prolactin, ACTH, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle
stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answer Increases H2O
into the bloodstream from tubule fluid; goal is to increase blood
pressure
, Arterial blood gases (ABG) Correct Answer The
concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
Base Correct Answer -a negatively charged particle looking to
associate with an H+
-also known as an alkali
-a hydrogen acceptor
-HCO3- is a base —> conserved or excreted by kidneys in
response to pH of blood
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answer -nitrogen is a
product of protein metabolism (proteins= amino acids= nitrogen
compounds)
-an indicator of protein breakdown in the body
-increases when: 1) the kidney dysfunctions, 2) high protein diet
is consumed, 3) dehydration concentrates the blood urea
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Correct Answer 10-12 weeks
into pregnancy; piece of placenta is taken- 99% of fetal
abnormalities are found
chromosome structure Correct Answer Two chromatid strands
connected by a centromere
Chromosomes Correct Answer -23 pairs of chromatids=46
chromosomes
-22 pairs are somatic cell chromosomes (called autosomes);
happens after fertilization
-23rd pair includes the sex chromosome; XX=female, XY=male
Solutions
Acid Correct Answer -A substance that dissociates or ionizes
into H+ ion and anion (negatively charged particle)
-a hydrogen donor; H+ has to be neutralized or excreted
Acidosis Correct Answer Elevation of H+ concentration of
body fluid above normal OR decrease in HCO3- resulting in a
pH lower than 7.35
Acute complications of diabetes Correct Answer
Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia (more dangerous than hyper over
long period of time), DKA in T1DM, hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) in T2DM
Acute renal failure (acute kidney injury or AKI) Correct
Answer -an abrupt insult to the kidney that causes rapid
decrease in renal filtration function
-common cause is ischemia of the kidney
-there is an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the
body
-with appropriate interventions, normal renal function can
return, usually within 2 weeks to 3 months of the initial
precipitating event
Addison's disease Correct Answer adrenal insufficiency is most
commonly caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal
gland
,Addison's disease signs and symptoms Correct Answer
Weakness, hypotension, easy fatigue, inability to concentrate,
emotional lability, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia,
electrolyte imbalances, women have loss of pubic and auxiliary
hair and amenorrhea
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Correct Answer
Regulate levels of cortisol
Aldosterone Correct Answer Increases Na+ and H2O into the
bloodstream from tubule fluid; goal is to increase blood pressure
Alkalosis Correct Answer Decrease in the H+ concentration of
the body fluids OR an excess of HCO3- resulting in an increase
in pH greater than 7.45
Allele Correct Answer Corresponding genes on each chromatid
Amniocentesis Correct Answer 16-18 weeks into pregnancy;
amniotic fluid is taken and chromosomal analysis done
Aneuploidy Correct Answer Abnormal number of
chromosomes; happens during chromosomal division
anterior pituitary Correct Answer Secretes growth hormone,
prolactin, ACTH, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle
stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answer Increases H2O
into the bloodstream from tubule fluid; goal is to increase blood
pressure
, Arterial blood gases (ABG) Correct Answer The
concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
Base Correct Answer -a negatively charged particle looking to
associate with an H+
-also known as an alkali
-a hydrogen acceptor
-HCO3- is a base —> conserved or excreted by kidneys in
response to pH of blood
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answer -nitrogen is a
product of protein metabolism (proteins= amino acids= nitrogen
compounds)
-an indicator of protein breakdown in the body
-increases when: 1) the kidney dysfunctions, 2) high protein diet
is consumed, 3) dehydration concentrates the blood urea
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Correct Answer 10-12 weeks
into pregnancy; piece of placenta is taken- 99% of fetal
abnormalities are found
chromosome structure Correct Answer Two chromatid strands
connected by a centromere
Chromosomes Correct Answer -23 pairs of chromatids=46
chromosomes
-22 pairs are somatic cell chromosomes (called autosomes);
happens after fertilization
-23rd pair includes the sex chromosome; XX=female, XY=male
