NUR 318 Pathophysiology Exam 1 UAB Module 1 & 2
Questions With Complete Solutions
Albumin Correct Answer the main colloidal protein in the
bloodstream and is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure
in the vascular system
attracts water and helps keep it inside the blood vessel.
Anaplasia Correct Answer lack of differentiation
indicates total cellular disorganization, abnormal cell
appearance, and cell dysfunction.
aneurysm Correct Answer Weakening of the artery wall
Hypertension can weaken and rupture the artery wall.
Turbulent blood flow through the ________;makes wall
susceptible to rupture
Common sites: aorta and cerebral arteries
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answer When the
bloodstream lacks sufficient water, plasma osmolarity is
increased and the osmoreceptors shrink. This stimulates the
______ neurons to depolarize, releasing _______ from the
posterior pituitary
After release into the bloodstream, _______stimulates water
reabsorption from the nephron tubule fluid at the collecting duct
into the bloodstream. This raises the blood's water content and
decreases the water in the tubule fluid, which eventually
becomes concentrated urine. When there is enough water in the
bloodstream, plasma osmolarity decreases, and _______
secretion is inhibited.
,Apoptosis Correct Answer This is a genetically programmed
degenerative change that results in cell death.
Example: Ovaries undergo _________ in females age 55.
Example: WBCs undergo ____________ after their participation
in an inflammatory reaction.
As the cancer cells ___________, they accumulate on top,
around, and beside each other, take over boundaries of organs,
crowd out normal cells, and may even ____________ and travel
to distant body sites Correct Answer Proliferate, break free
Assessment of fluid status Correct Answer Daily weight-to
track how much fluid they're retaining
24-hour intake and output- I's and O's- IV fluids, tube feeding,
catheter, vomiting, wound drainage, anything entering and
exiting their body
Won't always equal but should be similar
Weigh patients first thing in the morning, same time and scale
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Correct Answer lives in the
atria of your heart- heart expands to accommodate fluid-releases
this peptide to get rid of fluid
atrophy Correct Answer Decreased cell size
Example: large muscle ----> disuse ----> smaller muscle
Benign Cancer Correct Answer Cells resemble normal cells
and do not spread; tissue is well-delineated and easily removed.
Well-differentiated; remain localized, cohesive, and well-
demarcated from surrounding tissue. Benign tumors are not
, invasive, do not destroy surrounding tissue, and do not break
away or travel from the tumor cell mass.
Biopsy Correct Answer cell sample from an organ or mass of
tissue to allow for histological examination
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) Correct Answer produced by
brain and ventricles in heart-ventricles stretch to accommodate
fluid- related to heart failure-increases glomerular filtration rate
Calcium Correct Answer 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Main Functions:
Bone/teeth
Neuromuscular function
Cardiac contractility
Calcium and phosphorus are the major mineral contents.
Vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium from the
gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.
When the plasma _________ level is low, PTH is stimulated;
when the plasma _______ level is high, PTH is inhibited.
Calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid, acts at the bone
and kidneys to remove ________ from the circulation.
Calcium and Albumin Correct Answer About half of the
calcium in the body is bound to albumin.
Hypoalbuminemia can cause the appearance of low calcium
levels called pseudohypocalcemia.
Calcium phosphate relationship Correct Answer There is a
reciprocal relationship between calcium and phosphate; when
Questions With Complete Solutions
Albumin Correct Answer the main colloidal protein in the
bloodstream and is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure
in the vascular system
attracts water and helps keep it inside the blood vessel.
Anaplasia Correct Answer lack of differentiation
indicates total cellular disorganization, abnormal cell
appearance, and cell dysfunction.
aneurysm Correct Answer Weakening of the artery wall
Hypertension can weaken and rupture the artery wall.
Turbulent blood flow through the ________;makes wall
susceptible to rupture
Common sites: aorta and cerebral arteries
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answer When the
bloodstream lacks sufficient water, plasma osmolarity is
increased and the osmoreceptors shrink. This stimulates the
______ neurons to depolarize, releasing _______ from the
posterior pituitary
After release into the bloodstream, _______stimulates water
reabsorption from the nephron tubule fluid at the collecting duct
into the bloodstream. This raises the blood's water content and
decreases the water in the tubule fluid, which eventually
becomes concentrated urine. When there is enough water in the
bloodstream, plasma osmolarity decreases, and _______
secretion is inhibited.
,Apoptosis Correct Answer This is a genetically programmed
degenerative change that results in cell death.
Example: Ovaries undergo _________ in females age 55.
Example: WBCs undergo ____________ after their participation
in an inflammatory reaction.
As the cancer cells ___________, they accumulate on top,
around, and beside each other, take over boundaries of organs,
crowd out normal cells, and may even ____________ and travel
to distant body sites Correct Answer Proliferate, break free
Assessment of fluid status Correct Answer Daily weight-to
track how much fluid they're retaining
24-hour intake and output- I's and O's- IV fluids, tube feeding,
catheter, vomiting, wound drainage, anything entering and
exiting their body
Won't always equal but should be similar
Weigh patients first thing in the morning, same time and scale
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Correct Answer lives in the
atria of your heart- heart expands to accommodate fluid-releases
this peptide to get rid of fluid
atrophy Correct Answer Decreased cell size
Example: large muscle ----> disuse ----> smaller muscle
Benign Cancer Correct Answer Cells resemble normal cells
and do not spread; tissue is well-delineated and easily removed.
Well-differentiated; remain localized, cohesive, and well-
demarcated from surrounding tissue. Benign tumors are not
, invasive, do not destroy surrounding tissue, and do not break
away or travel from the tumor cell mass.
Biopsy Correct Answer cell sample from an organ or mass of
tissue to allow for histological examination
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) Correct Answer produced by
brain and ventricles in heart-ventricles stretch to accommodate
fluid- related to heart failure-increases glomerular filtration rate
Calcium Correct Answer 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Main Functions:
Bone/teeth
Neuromuscular function
Cardiac contractility
Calcium and phosphorus are the major mineral contents.
Vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium from the
gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.
When the plasma _________ level is low, PTH is stimulated;
when the plasma _______ level is high, PTH is inhibited.
Calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid, acts at the bone
and kidneys to remove ________ from the circulation.
Calcium and Albumin Correct Answer About half of the
calcium in the body is bound to albumin.
Hypoalbuminemia can cause the appearance of low calcium
levels called pseudohypocalcemia.
Calcium phosphate relationship Correct Answer There is a
reciprocal relationship between calcium and phosphate; when
