Bio 1500 test 6
1. expressed gene: a gene that is transcribed into RNA and then translated into a protein
2. not expressed gene: protein isn't made
3. turned on gene: transcription happens
4. turned off gene: transcription doesn't happen
5. up regulated gene: the process when a cell increases its response to signal from outside the cell to carry
out a specific function
6. down regulated gene: cell decreases response to an external stimulus
7. Connect variation in gene expression with differentiation/specialization of
cells.: - gene expression is regulated to the needs of the gene/human
- cells are differentiated/specialized depending on what's needed
8. Know examples of things or situations that cause genes to be turned on or
1/5
, off.: - Developmental stages call for different genes to be expressed at different times e.g. teeth, bone growth, etc.
- different types of tissues need to make different types of cells e.g. stomach cells are the only place that need to make
stomach cells.
- Stage of physiological cycle e.g. circadian rhythm.
- External environmental factors e.g. food, temperature, etc.
9. Describe the roles of transcription factors in gene expression: - transcription factors
regulate attachment of RNA polymerase to promoter
- activator & repressor proteins
10. Describe the role of activator proteins in gene expression.: - recruit RNA polymerase
to promoter
- initiate transcription
11. Describe the role of repressor proteins in gene expression.: - block RNA polymerase
to promoter
- prevent transcription
12. Describe the role of promoters in gene expression.: - promoter = a sequence of DNA
- transcription begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
2/5
1. expressed gene: a gene that is transcribed into RNA and then translated into a protein
2. not expressed gene: protein isn't made
3. turned on gene: transcription happens
4. turned off gene: transcription doesn't happen
5. up regulated gene: the process when a cell increases its response to signal from outside the cell to carry
out a specific function
6. down regulated gene: cell decreases response to an external stimulus
7. Connect variation in gene expression with differentiation/specialization of
cells.: - gene expression is regulated to the needs of the gene/human
- cells are differentiated/specialized depending on what's needed
8. Know examples of things or situations that cause genes to be turned on or
1/5
, off.: - Developmental stages call for different genes to be expressed at different times e.g. teeth, bone growth, etc.
- different types of tissues need to make different types of cells e.g. stomach cells are the only place that need to make
stomach cells.
- Stage of physiological cycle e.g. circadian rhythm.
- External environmental factors e.g. food, temperature, etc.
9. Describe the roles of transcription factors in gene expression: - transcription factors
regulate attachment of RNA polymerase to promoter
- activator & repressor proteins
10. Describe the role of activator proteins in gene expression.: - recruit RNA polymerase
to promoter
- initiate transcription
11. Describe the role of repressor proteins in gene expression.: - block RNA polymerase
to promoter
- prevent transcription
12. Describe the role of promoters in gene expression.: - promoter = a sequence of DNA
- transcription begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
2/5
