NSG 4330:QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system? Ans✓✓✓Gas
exchange: transfer of oxygen from atmosphere to blood and CO2 from
bloodstream to atmosphere
How many lobes does the right lung have? How many lobes does the left
lung have? Ans✓✓✓Right lung: 3 lobes: upper,middle and lower
Left lung: 2 lobes: upper and lower
What consists of the upper respiratory tract? Ans✓✓✓-Nasal cavity
-Pharynx
-Adenoids
-Tonsils
-epiglottis
-Larynx
-trachea
4 purposes of the URT? Ans✓✓✓1. The nose warms,cleans and
humidifies air before it enters the lungs
2. Vibrational sounds originate in the larynx which is how we vocalize
3. Provides protection to lower airways: nasal passages and epiglottis
4.Has olfactory receptors
,What consists of the lower respiratory tract? Ans✓✓✓-bronchi,
bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
What is the landmark for the LRT? Ans✓✓✓Carina
What is ventilation? Ans✓✓✓movement of air in (inspiration: active
process) and out of the lungs (expiration: passive process)
What is respiration? Ans✓✓✓process of gas exchange, moving oxygen
from atmosphere to the bloodstream and moving CO2 from bloodstream
to atmosphere
What is compliance? Ans✓✓✓The measure of the elasticity of the lungs
and thorax.
What happens if compliance decreases? Ans✓✓✓If compliance
decreases it is more difficult for the lungs to inflate.
What response should be elicited by stimulation of the carina?
Ans✓✓✓Cough
What is the difference between the left and right bronchus? Ans✓✓✓left
bronchus has an acute angle
right bronchus has a straighter angle
, What are respiratory bronchioles made of? and what are they prone to?
Ans✓✓✓Primarily made of smooth muscles and therefore are prone to
bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction
Explain Type 1 alveoli cells Ans✓✓✓They make up 90% of the alveoli
and are the main structural cells, they line the alveolar wall. They play a
major role in gas exchange
Explain Type 2 alveoli cells Ans✓✓✓They are lesser in number. They
store, produce and secrete surfactant. When there's injury to the alveolar
wall, they divide and line the surface of the wall and act like type 1 cells.
What happens in pulmonary circulation? How long do the RBC spend in
this phase? Ans✓✓✓In pulmonary circulation the deoxygenated blood
from the heart becomes oxygenated and returns to the systemic
circulation to be used. This phases lasts 3/4 of a second!
What are 4 factors that result in a right shift? Ans✓✓✓increase
temperature, 2-3DPG, Pco2 and decrease in pH (acidosis)
What are 4 factors that result in a left shift? Ans✓✓✓decrease in
temperature, 2-3 DPG, Pco2 and increase in pH (alkalosis)
What is methemoglobin? Ans✓✓✓an oxidized form of hemoglobin
(Fe2+ --> Fe3+) that does NOT bind O2 as readily
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system? Ans✓✓✓Gas
exchange: transfer of oxygen from atmosphere to blood and CO2 from
bloodstream to atmosphere
How many lobes does the right lung have? How many lobes does the left
lung have? Ans✓✓✓Right lung: 3 lobes: upper,middle and lower
Left lung: 2 lobes: upper and lower
What consists of the upper respiratory tract? Ans✓✓✓-Nasal cavity
-Pharynx
-Adenoids
-Tonsils
-epiglottis
-Larynx
-trachea
4 purposes of the URT? Ans✓✓✓1. The nose warms,cleans and
humidifies air before it enters the lungs
2. Vibrational sounds originate in the larynx which is how we vocalize
3. Provides protection to lower airways: nasal passages and epiglottis
4.Has olfactory receptors
,What consists of the lower respiratory tract? Ans✓✓✓-bronchi,
bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
What is the landmark for the LRT? Ans✓✓✓Carina
What is ventilation? Ans✓✓✓movement of air in (inspiration: active
process) and out of the lungs (expiration: passive process)
What is respiration? Ans✓✓✓process of gas exchange, moving oxygen
from atmosphere to the bloodstream and moving CO2 from bloodstream
to atmosphere
What is compliance? Ans✓✓✓The measure of the elasticity of the lungs
and thorax.
What happens if compliance decreases? Ans✓✓✓If compliance
decreases it is more difficult for the lungs to inflate.
What response should be elicited by stimulation of the carina?
Ans✓✓✓Cough
What is the difference between the left and right bronchus? Ans✓✓✓left
bronchus has an acute angle
right bronchus has a straighter angle
, What are respiratory bronchioles made of? and what are they prone to?
Ans✓✓✓Primarily made of smooth muscles and therefore are prone to
bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction
Explain Type 1 alveoli cells Ans✓✓✓They make up 90% of the alveoli
and are the main structural cells, they line the alveolar wall. They play a
major role in gas exchange
Explain Type 2 alveoli cells Ans✓✓✓They are lesser in number. They
store, produce and secrete surfactant. When there's injury to the alveolar
wall, they divide and line the surface of the wall and act like type 1 cells.
What happens in pulmonary circulation? How long do the RBC spend in
this phase? Ans✓✓✓In pulmonary circulation the deoxygenated blood
from the heart becomes oxygenated and returns to the systemic
circulation to be used. This phases lasts 3/4 of a second!
What are 4 factors that result in a right shift? Ans✓✓✓increase
temperature, 2-3DPG, Pco2 and decrease in pH (acidosis)
What are 4 factors that result in a left shift? Ans✓✓✓decrease in
temperature, 2-3 DPG, Pco2 and increase in pH (alkalosis)
What is methemoglobin? Ans✓✓✓an oxidized form of hemoglobin
(Fe2+ --> Fe3+) that does NOT bind O2 as readily
