NURS 2063 Practice Exam Questions
with Answers
glomerulonephritis - ✔✔patho: inflammation of the tiny filters in kidneys
s/s: high BP, coffee-colored urine, proteinuria, edema
causes: viral infections, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, bacterial endocarditis
treatment: treat underlying cause
peritonitis - ✔✔patho: inflammation of peritoneum
s/s: sudden severe, tenderness, pain, fever, hypotension, tachycardia decreased peristalsis
causes: chemical irritation, direct organism invasion
treatment: surgery, correct fluid & electrolyte imbalance, antibiotic therapy
appendicitis - ✔✔patho: inflammation of appendix, edema & fluids build up & block function
which compress blood flow
s/s: nausea, RLQ pain, fever, diarrhea, inflammation
causes: infection, constipation, inflammatory process disease
treatment: surgery, hydration, antibiotics, electrolytes
bowel obstructions (mechanical) - ✔✔patho: blockage, distends & collapses, bowel wall is
congested
s/s: cramps, vomiting, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea, pain, tender
causes: hernias, tumors, gallstones, intussusception, volvulus
treatment: IV fluids & antibiotics, nasogastric suction, catheter
bowel obstruction (non-mechanical) - ✔✔patho: muscles/nerves in the small/large intestine
function poorly
, s/s: pain, swelling, decreased appetite, inability to pass BM
causes: surgery, meds, decreased K+ levels, electrolyte imbalances, hypothyroidism, diabetes
mellitus
treatment: meds, surgery, nasogastric tube, observation
Hypothyroidism - ✔✔patho: thyroid does not produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormones
s/s: fatigue, pale dry skin, hair loss, weight gain, bradycardia, goiter, depression, constipation,
lethargy
causes: age, latrogenic, autoimmune thyroiditis
treatment: thyroid hormone replacement
benign prostatic hypertrophy - ✔✔patho: enlargement of the prostate gland in men (age 50)
s/s: frequency, dribbling urine, urinary retention, urgency, erectile dysfunction, overflow
incontinence
causes: unknown, increased proliferation
treatment: laser therapy, meds, surgery, TUNA, TURP
pyelonephritis - ✔✔patho: infection of 1 or both kidneys; contaminated urine in kidneys
s/s: fever, chills, CVA tenderness, urgency, frequency, anorexia
causes: e. coli, bacteria in urinary tract
treatment: managed with antimicrobial to avoid decreased renal function
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - ✔✔patho: gradual loss of renal function, scar tissue replaces
injured nephrons
s/s: anemia, electrolyte imbalances, polyuria, absent urine output, muscle twitches, heart
failure, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, flank pain
causes: diabetes, hypertension, renal diseases, toxin exposures, smoking, age
treatment: control underlying causes, med adjustments
with Answers
glomerulonephritis - ✔✔patho: inflammation of the tiny filters in kidneys
s/s: high BP, coffee-colored urine, proteinuria, edema
causes: viral infections, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, bacterial endocarditis
treatment: treat underlying cause
peritonitis - ✔✔patho: inflammation of peritoneum
s/s: sudden severe, tenderness, pain, fever, hypotension, tachycardia decreased peristalsis
causes: chemical irritation, direct organism invasion
treatment: surgery, correct fluid & electrolyte imbalance, antibiotic therapy
appendicitis - ✔✔patho: inflammation of appendix, edema & fluids build up & block function
which compress blood flow
s/s: nausea, RLQ pain, fever, diarrhea, inflammation
causes: infection, constipation, inflammatory process disease
treatment: surgery, hydration, antibiotics, electrolytes
bowel obstructions (mechanical) - ✔✔patho: blockage, distends & collapses, bowel wall is
congested
s/s: cramps, vomiting, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea, pain, tender
causes: hernias, tumors, gallstones, intussusception, volvulus
treatment: IV fluids & antibiotics, nasogastric suction, catheter
bowel obstruction (non-mechanical) - ✔✔patho: muscles/nerves in the small/large intestine
function poorly
, s/s: pain, swelling, decreased appetite, inability to pass BM
causes: surgery, meds, decreased K+ levels, electrolyte imbalances, hypothyroidism, diabetes
mellitus
treatment: meds, surgery, nasogastric tube, observation
Hypothyroidism - ✔✔patho: thyroid does not produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormones
s/s: fatigue, pale dry skin, hair loss, weight gain, bradycardia, goiter, depression, constipation,
lethargy
causes: age, latrogenic, autoimmune thyroiditis
treatment: thyroid hormone replacement
benign prostatic hypertrophy - ✔✔patho: enlargement of the prostate gland in men (age 50)
s/s: frequency, dribbling urine, urinary retention, urgency, erectile dysfunction, overflow
incontinence
causes: unknown, increased proliferation
treatment: laser therapy, meds, surgery, TUNA, TURP
pyelonephritis - ✔✔patho: infection of 1 or both kidneys; contaminated urine in kidneys
s/s: fever, chills, CVA tenderness, urgency, frequency, anorexia
causes: e. coli, bacteria in urinary tract
treatment: managed with antimicrobial to avoid decreased renal function
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - ✔✔patho: gradual loss of renal function, scar tissue replaces
injured nephrons
s/s: anemia, electrolyte imbalances, polyuria, absent urine output, muscle twitches, heart
failure, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, flank pain
causes: diabetes, hypertension, renal diseases, toxin exposures, smoking, age
treatment: control underlying causes, med adjustments
