NR 203 Midterm Exam with Accurate Answers.
Latest Edition
What is growth and development from a lifespan perspective? - ✔✔continuous physical,
cognitive, and psychosocial changes throughout life
Multi-directional - ✔✔Development involves gains and losses (e.g., memory improves in early
adulthood but may decline later)
Multi-contextual - ✔✔Development is shaped by historical, economic, and social contexts (e.g.,
a child raised during a recession may have different opportunities than one raised in a booming
economy)
Multi-cultural - ✔✔Development is influenced by cultural norms and values (e.g., parenting
styles differ across cultures)
Plasticity - ✔✔People can change over time, and development is adaptable (e.g., a person
recovering language skills after a brain injury)
What is the ecological-systems approach (Bioecological Model)? - ✔✔explains development
through different environmental influences
Microsystem - ✔✔Immediate surroundings (e.g., family, school, peers)
Mesosystem - ✔✔Interactions between microsystems (e.g., how parental involvement in
school affects a child's learning)
Exosystem - ✔✔Indirect environments that influence development (e.g., a parent's workplace
policies impacting family life)
, Macrosystem - ✔✔Cultural values, laws, and customs (e.g., a country's emphasis on education)
Chronosystem - ✔✔The dimension of time (e.g., growing up in the digital age versus the 1980s)
What is the nature vs. nurture debate? - ✔✔discusses whether development is primarily
influenced by genetics or environment
nature - ✔✔A child inherits a genetic predisposition for high intelligence
nurture - ✔✔A child raised in an enriched environment with books and learning experiences
develops strong cognitive abilities.
Critical period - ✔✔A time when a specific development must occur (e.g., fetus developing
limbs between 4-8 weeks; if disrupted, it won't form properly).
Sensitive period - ✔✔A time when development is easier but not impossible outside that
window (e.g., learning a second language is easier in early childhood but can still happen later).
Freud - ✔✔Psychosexual stages (e.g., oral, anal, phallic)
Erikson - ✔✔Psychosocial development (e.g., trust vs. mistrust)
Piaget - ✔✔Cognitive development (e.g., sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational,
formal operational)
Maslow - ✔✔Hierarchy of needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-
actualization)
Latest Edition
What is growth and development from a lifespan perspective? - ✔✔continuous physical,
cognitive, and psychosocial changes throughout life
Multi-directional - ✔✔Development involves gains and losses (e.g., memory improves in early
adulthood but may decline later)
Multi-contextual - ✔✔Development is shaped by historical, economic, and social contexts (e.g.,
a child raised during a recession may have different opportunities than one raised in a booming
economy)
Multi-cultural - ✔✔Development is influenced by cultural norms and values (e.g., parenting
styles differ across cultures)
Plasticity - ✔✔People can change over time, and development is adaptable (e.g., a person
recovering language skills after a brain injury)
What is the ecological-systems approach (Bioecological Model)? - ✔✔explains development
through different environmental influences
Microsystem - ✔✔Immediate surroundings (e.g., family, school, peers)
Mesosystem - ✔✔Interactions between microsystems (e.g., how parental involvement in
school affects a child's learning)
Exosystem - ✔✔Indirect environments that influence development (e.g., a parent's workplace
policies impacting family life)
, Macrosystem - ✔✔Cultural values, laws, and customs (e.g., a country's emphasis on education)
Chronosystem - ✔✔The dimension of time (e.g., growing up in the digital age versus the 1980s)
What is the nature vs. nurture debate? - ✔✔discusses whether development is primarily
influenced by genetics or environment
nature - ✔✔A child inherits a genetic predisposition for high intelligence
nurture - ✔✔A child raised in an enriched environment with books and learning experiences
develops strong cognitive abilities.
Critical period - ✔✔A time when a specific development must occur (e.g., fetus developing
limbs between 4-8 weeks; if disrupted, it won't form properly).
Sensitive period - ✔✔A time when development is easier but not impossible outside that
window (e.g., learning a second language is easier in early childhood but can still happen later).
Freud - ✔✔Psychosexual stages (e.g., oral, anal, phallic)
Erikson - ✔✔Psychosocial development (e.g., trust vs. mistrust)
Piaget - ✔✔Cognitive development (e.g., sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational,
formal operational)
Maslow - ✔✔Hierarchy of needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-
actualization)
