NR 203 Practice Exam with Accurate Answers.
Latest Edition
What is cancer? - ✔✔dna in the cells as been damaged and they begin replicating
uncontrollably (spread of abnormal cells)
What is neoplasm? - ✔✔a new growth of tissue or tumor that has an abnormal replication of
cells (not always "bad")
Benign vs. malignant tumors - ✔✔Benign:
•Slow growing
•Capsulated
•Non-invasive
•Do not metastasize
•Well differentiated
Suffix "oma" (Ex. Fibroma)
Malignant:
•Fast growing
•Non-capsulated
•Invasive & infiltrate
•Metastasize
•Poorly differentiated
Suffix "carcinoma" or "sarcoma"
Where are fibromas located? - ✔✔connective tissue
,Where are lipomas located? - ✔✔adipose tissue
Where are leiomyomas located? - ✔✔smooth muscle
Where are adenomas located? - ✔✔epithelial tissue
Where are meningiomas located? - ✔✔meninges
Where are osteomas located? - ✔✔bones
How does the nuclei of malignant cells present? - ✔✔large and irregular
How does the offspring of cancerous cells proliferate? - ✔✔in greater numbers at a more rapid
rate
Malignant neoplasms use vascular remodeling via what? - ✔✔tumor angiogenesis
When lymph nodes are involved in cancer what does this mean? - ✔✔that the cancer could be
anywhere
Where does carcinoma originate from? - ✔✔epithelial tissues (lungs, skin, tongue, stomach)
Where does leukemia, melanoma, and lymphoma originate from? - ✔✔blood formation
systems
Leukemia: WBCs, plasma, bone marrow
Lymphoma: lymphatic system, spleen, lymph nodes
,Where does sarcomas originate from? - ✔✔mesenchymal tissue (bone, adipose, cartilage,
muscles, connective tissue)
What is metastasis? - ✔✔movement of cancer cells from the original cancer site to other areas
of the body
Do all malignant cells metastasis? - ✔✔No but the great majority does
What are the most common metastasis sites? - ✔✔liver, brain, bone, and lungs
How is cancer identified? - ✔✔by the original origin of growth
(Ex. gastrointestinal CA is found in liver as a tumor, It is now known as gastrointestinal CA with
mets to the liver)
What are the common sites of metastasis in breast cancer? - ✔✔bone, lung, and brain
What are the common sites of metastasis in prostate cancer? - ✔✔bone (esp. spine and legs)
and pelvic nodes
What are the common sites of metastasis in colorectal cancer? - ✔✔liver, lymph nodes, and
adjacent structures
What are the common sites of metastasis in melanoma? - ✔✔GI tract, lymph nodes, lung, and
brain
What are the common sites of metastasis in primary brain cancer? - ✔✔CNS (central nervous
system)
, What are the common sites of metastasis in lung cancer? - ✔✔brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes,
and pancreas
Where does most of the cancer cells that break free from the primary tumor get carried to? -
✔✔carried in the blood or lymph system until they get trapped in the next "downstream" organ
or set of lymph nodes
What is tumor microenvironment? - ✔✔organs or areas of the body that certain cancer cells
are able to survive and grow in better than others
What is regional malignancy? - ✔✔cells from the original malignancy have spread to the body
area right around the tumor, such as to nearby lymph nodes
What is a prognosis? - ✔✔prediction of survival that depends on how much the malignant cells
have attacked body tissues and early detection
What is a in situ? - ✔✔a localized growth that remains at the original site and has not yet
released its cells even though the growth may have invaded underlying tissues
What does localized mean? - ✔✔all of the malignant cells are in the area where the new
growth started (easily treatable)
What does the TNM system stand for? - ✔✔T = tumor size
N = lymph node involvement
M = metastasis
What does "TO" mean? - ✔✔no tumor
What does "TX" mean? - ✔✔unable to evaluate the primary tumor
Latest Edition
What is cancer? - ✔✔dna in the cells as been damaged and they begin replicating
uncontrollably (spread of abnormal cells)
What is neoplasm? - ✔✔a new growth of tissue or tumor that has an abnormal replication of
cells (not always "bad")
Benign vs. malignant tumors - ✔✔Benign:
•Slow growing
•Capsulated
•Non-invasive
•Do not metastasize
•Well differentiated
Suffix "oma" (Ex. Fibroma)
Malignant:
•Fast growing
•Non-capsulated
•Invasive & infiltrate
•Metastasize
•Poorly differentiated
Suffix "carcinoma" or "sarcoma"
Where are fibromas located? - ✔✔connective tissue
,Where are lipomas located? - ✔✔adipose tissue
Where are leiomyomas located? - ✔✔smooth muscle
Where are adenomas located? - ✔✔epithelial tissue
Where are meningiomas located? - ✔✔meninges
Where are osteomas located? - ✔✔bones
How does the nuclei of malignant cells present? - ✔✔large and irregular
How does the offspring of cancerous cells proliferate? - ✔✔in greater numbers at a more rapid
rate
Malignant neoplasms use vascular remodeling via what? - ✔✔tumor angiogenesis
When lymph nodes are involved in cancer what does this mean? - ✔✔that the cancer could be
anywhere
Where does carcinoma originate from? - ✔✔epithelial tissues (lungs, skin, tongue, stomach)
Where does leukemia, melanoma, and lymphoma originate from? - ✔✔blood formation
systems
Leukemia: WBCs, plasma, bone marrow
Lymphoma: lymphatic system, spleen, lymph nodes
,Where does sarcomas originate from? - ✔✔mesenchymal tissue (bone, adipose, cartilage,
muscles, connective tissue)
What is metastasis? - ✔✔movement of cancer cells from the original cancer site to other areas
of the body
Do all malignant cells metastasis? - ✔✔No but the great majority does
What are the most common metastasis sites? - ✔✔liver, brain, bone, and lungs
How is cancer identified? - ✔✔by the original origin of growth
(Ex. gastrointestinal CA is found in liver as a tumor, It is now known as gastrointestinal CA with
mets to the liver)
What are the common sites of metastasis in breast cancer? - ✔✔bone, lung, and brain
What are the common sites of metastasis in prostate cancer? - ✔✔bone (esp. spine and legs)
and pelvic nodes
What are the common sites of metastasis in colorectal cancer? - ✔✔liver, lymph nodes, and
adjacent structures
What are the common sites of metastasis in melanoma? - ✔✔GI tract, lymph nodes, lung, and
brain
What are the common sites of metastasis in primary brain cancer? - ✔✔CNS (central nervous
system)
, What are the common sites of metastasis in lung cancer? - ✔✔brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes,
and pancreas
Where does most of the cancer cells that break free from the primary tumor get carried to? -
✔✔carried in the blood or lymph system until they get trapped in the next "downstream" organ
or set of lymph nodes
What is tumor microenvironment? - ✔✔organs or areas of the body that certain cancer cells
are able to survive and grow in better than others
What is regional malignancy? - ✔✔cells from the original malignancy have spread to the body
area right around the tumor, such as to nearby lymph nodes
What is a prognosis? - ✔✔prediction of survival that depends on how much the malignant cells
have attacked body tissues and early detection
What is a in situ? - ✔✔a localized growth that remains at the original site and has not yet
released its cells even though the growth may have invaded underlying tissues
What does localized mean? - ✔✔all of the malignant cells are in the area where the new
growth started (easily treatable)
What does the TNM system stand for? - ✔✔T = tumor size
N = lymph node involvement
M = metastasis
What does "TO" mean? - ✔✔no tumor
What does "TX" mean? - ✔✔unable to evaluate the primary tumor
