NR 203 Practice Exam with Accurate Answers.
Latest Edition
What are the organs and structures of the GI system? - ✔✔Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
What helps control the release of digestive hormones and enzymes as well as initiating
peristalsis? - ✔✔various receptors that the intestines are lined with
What are the teeth and tongue used for? - ✔✔mastication (chewing)
Where does the mixing movement occur? - ✔✔the stomach
What is chyme? - ✔✔particles for absorption that are made when mucus, hydrochloric acid
(HCl), intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and gastrin are secreted into the stomach from cells within
walls and mixed with food
What further digests chyme into a more liquid state? - ✔✔the small intestine
it receives the chyme from the stomach and adds more digestive enzymes and fluids, receives
bile and pancreatic enzymes from the common duct
What is peristalsis? - ✔✔movement along the intestinal tract
•How do we know that peristalsis is occurring? - ✔✔Bowel sounds are present
How are digested food particles absorbed into the bloodstream? - ✔✔from the villi on the walls
of the small intestine
,What does the large intestine do? - ✔✔reabsorbs water and electrolytes, formulates some
vitamin K, and eliminates waste products
What does the large intestine consists of that aids in the breakdown of waste products? -
✔✔bacteria
What does the rectum do? - ✔✔stores fecal material until it is eliminated through the anus
Where is the internal anal sphincter located? - ✔✔at the top of the anal canal
Is the internal anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control? - ✔✔involuntary control
Where is the external anal sphincter located? - ✔✔the end of the anal canal
Is the external anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control? - ✔✔voluntary control
What reflex initiates elimination and how is it stimulated? - ✔✔gastrocolic reflex and it is
stimulated by the ingestion of food
Where is most of our nutrients absorbed? - ✔✔the small intestine
What is absorbed in the stomach? - ✔✔water and alcohol
What effects does aging have on the GI system? - ✔✔•Ill fitting dentures- causing difficulty
chewing and lead to nutritional deficiency
•Cheeking or pocketing food
•Esophageal sphincter becomes less effective when opening and closing and causing risk of
aspiration
,•Taste bud atrophy (decrease taste and smell)
•Small intestine becomes less absorptive
Infection, inflammation, physical and chemical trauma, and structural defects can cause what? -
✔✔Tumors (tend to obstruct passages)
What is a surgical complication? - ✔✔Adhesions
What does psychological and emotional stress increase? Decrease? - ✔✔Increases secretions
and decreases perfusion
What are some genetic predisposition, familial tendency, and ethnic correlations? - ✔✔Crohn's
disease, IBS, and colon cancer
Excessive stimulation of what can cause a breakdown in the integrity of the mucous membrane
lining the digestive tract? - ✔✔digestive acid and enzymes
What does having no rectal tone indicate? - ✔✔spinal cord injury
What does immune disorders cause? - ✔✔inflammation and fibrosis of organs
How can you determine a real seizure? - ✔✔Control of the bowel or bladder is lost
How do we prevent gastrointestinal disorders? - ✔✔•Eat a normal, well-balanced diet.
•Maintain good oral health
•Consume a sufficient amount of fiber
•Drink at least eight glasses of fluid a day (62 oz)
, •Heeding the need to defecate promptly aids in keeping the gastrocolic reflex functioning well
and prevents constipation and hemorrhoids
What are some diagnostic tests and procedures? - ✔✔Diagnostic test:
•Radiography
•Computed tomography (CT) scans (common)
•Nuclear medicine scans (looking for specifics)
•Magnetic resonance imaging (looking for specifics)
•Ultrasound studies
•Laboratory tests (CBC, electrolytes, inflammatory markers, liver and pancreas function)
•Tests of gastric secretions
•Stool and urine studies
Procedures:
•Endoscopy
•Biopsy
What is an abdominal x-ray primarily used for? - ✔✔to check NG tube placement
What are some nursing implications of diagnostic tests? - ✔✔•Check the patient's allergies (CT
scan contrast = shell-fish allergy)
•A pregnancy test might be ordered
•Patient teaching
•Diet, including NPO (nothing by mouth) status and dehydration
•Psychological care
What data should we collect on the patient? - ✔✔•Family history
•Diet and dietary intolerances
Latest Edition
What are the organs and structures of the GI system? - ✔✔Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
What helps control the release of digestive hormones and enzymes as well as initiating
peristalsis? - ✔✔various receptors that the intestines are lined with
What are the teeth and tongue used for? - ✔✔mastication (chewing)
Where does the mixing movement occur? - ✔✔the stomach
What is chyme? - ✔✔particles for absorption that are made when mucus, hydrochloric acid
(HCl), intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and gastrin are secreted into the stomach from cells within
walls and mixed with food
What further digests chyme into a more liquid state? - ✔✔the small intestine
it receives the chyme from the stomach and adds more digestive enzymes and fluids, receives
bile and pancreatic enzymes from the common duct
What is peristalsis? - ✔✔movement along the intestinal tract
•How do we know that peristalsis is occurring? - ✔✔Bowel sounds are present
How are digested food particles absorbed into the bloodstream? - ✔✔from the villi on the walls
of the small intestine
,What does the large intestine do? - ✔✔reabsorbs water and electrolytes, formulates some
vitamin K, and eliminates waste products
What does the large intestine consists of that aids in the breakdown of waste products? -
✔✔bacteria
What does the rectum do? - ✔✔stores fecal material until it is eliminated through the anus
Where is the internal anal sphincter located? - ✔✔at the top of the anal canal
Is the internal anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control? - ✔✔involuntary control
Where is the external anal sphincter located? - ✔✔the end of the anal canal
Is the external anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control? - ✔✔voluntary control
What reflex initiates elimination and how is it stimulated? - ✔✔gastrocolic reflex and it is
stimulated by the ingestion of food
Where is most of our nutrients absorbed? - ✔✔the small intestine
What is absorbed in the stomach? - ✔✔water and alcohol
What effects does aging have on the GI system? - ✔✔•Ill fitting dentures- causing difficulty
chewing and lead to nutritional deficiency
•Cheeking or pocketing food
•Esophageal sphincter becomes less effective when opening and closing and causing risk of
aspiration
,•Taste bud atrophy (decrease taste and smell)
•Small intestine becomes less absorptive
Infection, inflammation, physical and chemical trauma, and structural defects can cause what? -
✔✔Tumors (tend to obstruct passages)
What is a surgical complication? - ✔✔Adhesions
What does psychological and emotional stress increase? Decrease? - ✔✔Increases secretions
and decreases perfusion
What are some genetic predisposition, familial tendency, and ethnic correlations? - ✔✔Crohn's
disease, IBS, and colon cancer
Excessive stimulation of what can cause a breakdown in the integrity of the mucous membrane
lining the digestive tract? - ✔✔digestive acid and enzymes
What does having no rectal tone indicate? - ✔✔spinal cord injury
What does immune disorders cause? - ✔✔inflammation and fibrosis of organs
How can you determine a real seizure? - ✔✔Control of the bowel or bladder is lost
How do we prevent gastrointestinal disorders? - ✔✔•Eat a normal, well-balanced diet.
•Maintain good oral health
•Consume a sufficient amount of fiber
•Drink at least eight glasses of fluid a day (62 oz)
, •Heeding the need to defecate promptly aids in keeping the gastrocolic reflex functioning well
and prevents constipation and hemorrhoids
What are some diagnostic tests and procedures? - ✔✔Diagnostic test:
•Radiography
•Computed tomography (CT) scans (common)
•Nuclear medicine scans (looking for specifics)
•Magnetic resonance imaging (looking for specifics)
•Ultrasound studies
•Laboratory tests (CBC, electrolytes, inflammatory markers, liver and pancreas function)
•Tests of gastric secretions
•Stool and urine studies
Procedures:
•Endoscopy
•Biopsy
What is an abdominal x-ray primarily used for? - ✔✔to check NG tube placement
What are some nursing implications of diagnostic tests? - ✔✔•Check the patient's allergies (CT
scan contrast = shell-fish allergy)
•A pregnancy test might be ordered
•Patient teaching
•Diet, including NPO (nothing by mouth) status and dehydration
•Psychological care
What data should we collect on the patient? - ✔✔•Family history
•Diet and dietary intolerances
