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Advanced Solid State Physics — Solutions Manual (All 16 Chapters & Figures) | latest edition| Ace your exam.

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Advanced Solid State Physics — Solutions Manual (All 16 Chapters & Figures) | latest edition| Ace your exam.

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, Advanced Solid State Physics
Version 2009:
Michael Mayrhofer-R., Patrick Kraus, Christoph Heil, Hannes Brandner,
Nicola Schlatter, Immanuel Mayrhuber, Stefan Kirnstötter,
Alexander Volk, Gernot Kapper, Reinhold Hetzel
Version 2010: Martin Nuss
Version 2011: Christopher Albert, Max Sorantin, Benjamin Stickler
TU Graz, SS 2011




Lecturer: Univ. Prof. Ph.D. Peter Hadley

,TU Graz, SS 2010 Advanced Solid State Physics


Contents
1 What is Solid State Physics 1

2 Schrödinger Equation 2

3 Quantization 3
3.1 Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1.1 Quantization of the Harmonic Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.2 Quantization of the Magnetic Flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1.3 Quantisation of a charged particle in a magnetic field (with spin) . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.4 Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field - Quantization Recipe 12
4.1 Thermodynamic Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.1 Recipe for the Quantization of Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5 Photonic Crystals 19
5.1 Intruduction: Plane Waves in Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 Empty Lattice Approximation (Photons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3 Central Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.4 Estimate the Size of the Photonic Bandgap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.5 Density of States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.6 Photon Density of States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6 Phonons 27
6.1 Linear Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.2 Simple Cubic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

7 Electrons 34
7.1 Free Electron Fermi Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.1.1 Fermi Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.1.2 Chemical Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.1.3 Sommerfeld Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1.4 ARPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.2 Electronic Band Structure Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.2.1 Empty Lattice Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.2.2 Plane Wave Method - Central Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.2.3 Tight Binding Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.2.4 Graphene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
7.2.5 Carbon nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.3 Bandstructure of Metals and Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.4 Direct and Indirect Bandgaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

8 Crystal Physics 69
8.1 Stress and Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69




i

, TU Graz, SS 2010 Advanced Solid State Physics


8.2 Statistical Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.3 Crystal Symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.4 Example - Birefringence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9 Magnetism and Response to Electric and Magnetic Fields 76
9.1 Introduction: Electric and Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
9.2 Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
9.3 Magnetic Response of Atoms and Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.3.1 Diamagnetic Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.3.2 Paramagnetic Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.4 Free Particles in a Weak Magnetic Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.5 Ferromagnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

10 Transport Regimes 92
10.1 Linear Response Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
10.2 Ballistic Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10.3 Drift-Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
10.4 Diffusive and Ballistic Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
10.5 Skin depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

11 Quasiparticles 102
11.1 Fermi Liquid Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
11.2 Particle like Quasiparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.2.1 Electrons and Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.2.2 Bogoliubov Quasiparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.2.3 Polarons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.2.4 Bipolarons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.2.5 Mott Wannier Excitons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.3 Collective modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.3.1 Phonons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
11.3.2 Polaritons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
11.3.3 Magnons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
11.3.4 Plasmons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
11.3.5 Surface Plasmons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
11.3.6 Frenkel Excitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
11.4 Translational Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
11.5 Occupation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
11.6 Experimental techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
11.6.1 Raman Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
11.6.2 EELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
11.6.3 Inelastic Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
11.6.4 Photoemission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

12 Electron-electron interactions, Quantum electronics 116
12.1 Electron Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116




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