, Test Bank For Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Jacqu
8 8 8 8 8 8 88
elyn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54-Grades A+-2023- 2024
8 8 8 8 8 8
Chapter801:8Introduction8to8Pathophysiology8Bana
sik:8Pathophysiology,87th8Edition
MULTIPLE8CHOICE
1. C.Q.8was8recently8exposed8to8group8A8hemolytic8Streptococcus8and8subsequently8developed8
a8pharyngeal8infection.8His8clinic8examination8reveals8an8oral8temperature8of8102.3°F,8skin8ra
sh,8dysphagia,8and8reddened8throat8mucosa8with8multiple8pustules.8He8complains8of8sore8thro
at,8malaise,8and8joint8stiffness.8A8throat8culture8is8positive8for8Streptococcus,8and8antibiotics8
have8been8prescribed.8The8etiology8of8C.Q.’s8disease8is
a. a8sore8throat.
b. streptococcal8infection.
c. genetic8susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:8 B
Etiology8refers8to8the8proposed8cause8or8causes8of8a8particular8disease8process.8A8sore8throat8
is8the8manifestation8of8the8disease8process.8Genetic8susceptibility8refers8to8inherited8tendenc
y8to8develop8a8disease.8Pharyngitis8refers8to8inflammation8of8the8throat8and8is8also8a8clinical8
manifestation8of8the8disease8process.
2. A817-year-old8college-
bound8student8receives8a8vaccine8against8an8organism8that8causes8meningitis.8This8is8a
n8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 A
Primary8prevention8is8prevention8of8disease8by8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8fo
r8susceptible8individuals,8in8this8case8by8providing8vaccination.8Secondary8prevention8is8the8
early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease.8Tertiary8prevention8includes8reha
bilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attempts8to8alleviate8disability8and8restore8effective8functio
ning.8Disease8treatment8involves8management8of8the8disease8once8it8has8developed.
3. An8obese8but8otherwise8healthy8teen8is8given8a8prescription8for8a8low-
calorie8diet8and8exercise8program.8This8is8an8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 B
Secondary8prevention8is8the8early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease8such8a
s8prescribing8diet8and8exercise8for8an8individual8who8has8already8developed8obesity.8Primary
8prevention8is8prevention8of8disease8by8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8for8susce
ptible8individuals.8Tertiary8prevention8includes8rehabilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attemp
ts8to8alleviate8disability8and8restore8effective8functioning.8Disease8treatment8involves8manage
ment8of8the8disease8once8it8has8developed.
,4. A8patient8with8high8blood8pressure8who8is8otherwise8healthy8is8counseled8to8restrict8sodiu
m8intake.8This8is8an8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 B
Secondary8prevention8is8the8early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease,8such
8as8by8prescribing8sodium8restriction8for8high8blood8pressure.8Primary8prevention8is8preventi
on8of8disease8by8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8for8susceptible8individuals.8Tert
iary8prevention8includes8rehabilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attempts8to8alleviate8disabilit
y8and8restore8effective8functioning.8Disease8treatment8involves8management8of8the8disease8o
nce8it8has8developed.
5. After8suffering8a8heart8attack,8a8middle-aged8man8is8counseled8to8take8a8cholesterol-
lowering8medication.8This8is8an8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 C
Tertiary8prevention8includes8rehabilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attempts8to8alleviate8disa
bility8and8restore8effective8functioning8such8as8prescribing8a8cholesterol-
lowering8medication8following8a8heart8attack.8Primary8prevention8is8prevention8of8disease8by
8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8for8susceptible8individuals.8Secondary8preventio
n8is8the8early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease.8Disease8treatment8involv
es8management8of8the8disease8once8it8has8developed.
6. A8patient8has8been8exposed8to8meningococcal8meningitis,8but8is8not8yet8demonstrating8signs8
of8this8disease.8This8stage8of8illness8is8called8the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:8 B
Incubation8refers8to8the8interval8between8exposure8of8a8tissue8to8an8injurious8agent8and8the8fir
st8appearance8of8signs8and8symptoms.8In8infectious8diseases,8this8period8is8often8called8the8in
cubation8(latent)8period.8Prodromal8refers8to8the8appearance8of8the8first8signs8and8symptoms8
indicating8the8onset8of8a8disease.8These8are8often8nonspecific,8such8as8headache,8malaise,8ano
rexia,8and8nausea,8which8are8associated8with8a8number8of8different8diseases.8Sequela8refers8to
8subsequent8pathologic8condition8resulting8from8a8disease.8Convalescence8is8the8stage8of8rec
overy8after8a8disease,8injury,8or8surgical8operation.
7. A8disease8that8is8native8to8a8particular8region8is8called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:8 B
A8disease8that8is8native8to8a8particular8region8is8called8endemic.8An8epidemic8is8a8disease8that8s
preads8to8many8individuals8at8the8same8time.8Pandemics8are8epidemics8that8affect8large8geogra
phic8regions,8perhaps8spreading8worldwide.8Ethnographic8does8not8describe8a8disease8distributi
on8pattern.
8. In8general,8with8aging,8organ8size8and8function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain8the8same.
d. are8unknown.
ANS:8 B
In8general,8with8aging,8organ8size8and8function8decrease.
9. The8stage8during8which8the8patient8functions8normally,8although8the8disease8processes8are8we
ll8established,8is8referred8to8as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:8 B
The8stage8during8which8the8patient8functions8normally,8although8the8disease8processes8are8we
ll8established,8is8called8the8subclinical8stage.8The8interval8between8exposure8of8a8tissue8to8an8
injurious8agent8and8the8first8appearance8of8signs8and8symptoms8may8be8called8a8latent8period
8or,8in8the8case8of8infectious8diseases,8an8incubation8period.8The8prodromal8period,8or8prodro
me,8refers8to8the8appearance8of8the8first8signs8and8symptoms8indicating8the8onset8of8a8diseas
e.8Convalescence8is8the8stage8of8recovery8after8a8disease,8injury,8or8surgical8operation.
MULTIPLE8RESPONSE
1. Your8patient’s8red8blood8cell8count8is8slightly8elevated8today.8This8might8be8explained8b
y8(Select8all8that8apply.)
a. gender8difference.
b. situational8factors.
c. normal8variation.
d. cultural8variation.
e. illness.
ANS:8 A,8B,8C,8E
Gender,8situations8(e.g.,8altitude),8normal8variations,8and8illness8may8all8determine8red8blood8
cell8count.8Culture8affects8how8manifestations8are8perceived8(normal8versus8abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic8factors8influence8disease8development8because8of8(Select8all8that8apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental8toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
8 8 8 8 8 8 88
elyn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54-Grades A+-2023- 2024
8 8 8 8 8 8
Chapter801:8Introduction8to8Pathophysiology8Bana
sik:8Pathophysiology,87th8Edition
MULTIPLE8CHOICE
1. C.Q.8was8recently8exposed8to8group8A8hemolytic8Streptococcus8and8subsequently8developed8
a8pharyngeal8infection.8His8clinic8examination8reveals8an8oral8temperature8of8102.3°F,8skin8ra
sh,8dysphagia,8and8reddened8throat8mucosa8with8multiple8pustules.8He8complains8of8sore8thro
at,8malaise,8and8joint8stiffness.8A8throat8culture8is8positive8for8Streptococcus,8and8antibiotics8
have8been8prescribed.8The8etiology8of8C.Q.’s8disease8is
a. a8sore8throat.
b. streptococcal8infection.
c. genetic8susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:8 B
Etiology8refers8to8the8proposed8cause8or8causes8of8a8particular8disease8process.8A8sore8throat8
is8the8manifestation8of8the8disease8process.8Genetic8susceptibility8refers8to8inherited8tendenc
y8to8develop8a8disease.8Pharyngitis8refers8to8inflammation8of8the8throat8and8is8also8a8clinical8
manifestation8of8the8disease8process.
2. A817-year-old8college-
bound8student8receives8a8vaccine8against8an8organism8that8causes8meningitis.8This8is8a
n8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 A
Primary8prevention8is8prevention8of8disease8by8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8fo
r8susceptible8individuals,8in8this8case8by8providing8vaccination.8Secondary8prevention8is8the8
early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease.8Tertiary8prevention8includes8reha
bilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attempts8to8alleviate8disability8and8restore8effective8functio
ning.8Disease8treatment8involves8management8of8the8disease8once8it8has8developed.
3. An8obese8but8otherwise8healthy8teen8is8given8a8prescription8for8a8low-
calorie8diet8and8exercise8program.8This8is8an8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 B
Secondary8prevention8is8the8early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease8such8a
s8prescribing8diet8and8exercise8for8an8individual8who8has8already8developed8obesity.8Primary
8prevention8is8prevention8of8disease8by8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8for8susce
ptible8individuals.8Tertiary8prevention8includes8rehabilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attemp
ts8to8alleviate8disability8and8restore8effective8functioning.8Disease8treatment8involves8manage
ment8of8the8disease8once8it8has8developed.
,4. A8patient8with8high8blood8pressure8who8is8otherwise8healthy8is8counseled8to8restrict8sodiu
m8intake.8This8is8an8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 B
Secondary8prevention8is8the8early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease,8such
8as8by8prescribing8sodium8restriction8for8high8blood8pressure.8Primary8prevention8is8preventi
on8of8disease8by8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8for8susceptible8individuals.8Tert
iary8prevention8includes8rehabilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attempts8to8alleviate8disabilit
y8and8restore8effective8functioning.8Disease8treatment8involves8management8of8the8disease8o
nce8it8has8developed.
5. After8suffering8a8heart8attack,8a8middle-aged8man8is8counseled8to8take8a8cholesterol-
lowering8medication.8This8is8an8example8of
a. primary8prevention.
b. secondary8prevention.
c. tertiary8prevention.
d. disease8treatment.
ANS:8 C
Tertiary8prevention8includes8rehabilitative8and8supportive8care8and8attempts8to8alleviate8disa
bility8and8restore8effective8functioning8such8as8prescribing8a8cholesterol-
lowering8medication8following8a8heart8attack.8Primary8prevention8is8prevention8of8disease8by
8altering8susceptibility8or8reducing8exposure8for8susceptible8individuals.8Secondary8preventio
n8is8the8early8detection,8screening,8and8management8of8the8disease.8Disease8treatment8involv
es8management8of8the8disease8once8it8has8developed.
6. A8patient8has8been8exposed8to8meningococcal8meningitis,8but8is8not8yet8demonstrating8signs8
of8this8disease.8This8stage8of8illness8is8called8the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:8 B
Incubation8refers8to8the8interval8between8exposure8of8a8tissue8to8an8injurious8agent8and8the8fir
st8appearance8of8signs8and8symptoms.8In8infectious8diseases,8this8period8is8often8called8the8in
cubation8(latent)8period.8Prodromal8refers8to8the8appearance8of8the8first8signs8and8symptoms8
indicating8the8onset8of8a8disease.8These8are8often8nonspecific,8such8as8headache,8malaise,8ano
rexia,8and8nausea,8which8are8associated8with8a8number8of8different8diseases.8Sequela8refers8to
8subsequent8pathologic8condition8resulting8from8a8disease.8Convalescence8is8the8stage8of8rec
overy8after8a8disease,8injury,8or8surgical8operation.
7. A8disease8that8is8native8to8a8particular8region8is8called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:8 B
A8disease8that8is8native8to8a8particular8region8is8called8endemic.8An8epidemic8is8a8disease8that8s
preads8to8many8individuals8at8the8same8time.8Pandemics8are8epidemics8that8affect8large8geogra
phic8regions,8perhaps8spreading8worldwide.8Ethnographic8does8not8describe8a8disease8distributi
on8pattern.
8. In8general,8with8aging,8organ8size8and8function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain8the8same.
d. are8unknown.
ANS:8 B
In8general,8with8aging,8organ8size8and8function8decrease.
9. The8stage8during8which8the8patient8functions8normally,8although8the8disease8processes8are8we
ll8established,8is8referred8to8as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:8 B
The8stage8during8which8the8patient8functions8normally,8although8the8disease8processes8are8we
ll8established,8is8called8the8subclinical8stage.8The8interval8between8exposure8of8a8tissue8to8an8
injurious8agent8and8the8first8appearance8of8signs8and8symptoms8may8be8called8a8latent8period
8or,8in8the8case8of8infectious8diseases,8an8incubation8period.8The8prodromal8period,8or8prodro
me,8refers8to8the8appearance8of8the8first8signs8and8symptoms8indicating8the8onset8of8a8diseas
e.8Convalescence8is8the8stage8of8recovery8after8a8disease,8injury,8or8surgical8operation.
MULTIPLE8RESPONSE
1. Your8patient’s8red8blood8cell8count8is8slightly8elevated8today.8This8might8be8explained8b
y8(Select8all8that8apply.)
a. gender8difference.
b. situational8factors.
c. normal8variation.
d. cultural8variation.
e. illness.
ANS:8 A,8B,8C,8E
Gender,8situations8(e.g.,8altitude),8normal8variations,8and8illness8may8all8determine8red8blood8
cell8count.8Culture8affects8how8manifestations8are8perceived8(normal8versus8abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic8factors8influence8disease8development8because8of8(Select8all8that8apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental8toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
