HNG 540 EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔What are the dangerous side effects of metformin? - ✔✔lactic acidosis
✔✔How do Sulfonylureas (glipizide) and Meglitinides work? - ✔✔directly stimulate
insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, lowering blood glucose concentrations by
increasing insulin secretion
✔✔What should you look for in patients taking both Metformin and Sulfonylureas? -
✔✔hypoglycemia
✔✔Dapagliflozin is in what class of medication? . - ✔✔sodium-glucose co-transporter 2
(SGLT2) inhibitors
✔✔What medication class is Trulicity (dulaglutide) ? - ✔✔GLP-1 receptor agonist
✔✔What is the mechanism of action for Trulicity? - ✔✔Binds to GLP-1 receptors
stimulating insulin secretion and lowering glucagon secretion from the liver
✔✔How do we manage Trulicity and Dapagliflozin in clinical practice? - ✔✔repeating
A1C q3 months until the patient is well controlled
✔✔How are insulins classified? - ✔✔timing of action in the body
how quickly they start to act when they have maximal effect
how long they act
✔✔Which insulin is the drug of choice in hospitals for treating patients with
ketoacidosis? - ✔✔Regular or short acting
✔✔How long does it take regular insulin to reach the blood stream, when does it peak,
and how long does it last? - ✔✔reaches the blood stream in 30 mins, peaks within 2-3
hours and lasts about 3-6 hours
✔✔How does long acting insulin (lantus) work? - ✔✔starts working several hours after
injection and can work to lower glucose levels for up to 24 hours
✔✔What is important patient education with insulin? - ✔✔how to recognize
hypoglycemia symptoms and advise against herbal treatments
✔✔What class of medication is levothyroxine? - ✔✔hormones
✔✔What do you teach patients about with levothyroxine? - ✔✔teach older patients
about heart risks such as arrhythmias
, Teach patients to keep using the same medication brand
✔✔What time of the day do you take levothyroxine? - ✔✔early in the morning on an
empty stomach
✔✔When should you not prescribe levothyroxine? - ✔✔If patient had a recent MI
✔✔What is propylthiouracil (PTU) used to treat? - ✔✔hyperthyroidism due to graves
disease and toxic multinodular goiter
✔✔What is the preferred hyperthyroidism drug in pregnancy? - ✔✔Propylthiouracil
(PTU)
✔✔What is the preferred hyperthyroidism drug in children? - ✔✔Methimazole
✔✔How do PTU and Methimazole work? - ✔✔inhibit the production of thyroid hormone
✔✔List 3 Inappropriate use of thyroid hormones - ✔✔Obesity
Infertility
Depression
✔✔What is the mechanism of action in SSRI? - ✔✔inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin
thereby increasing serotonin activity.
Have little effect on dopamine or norepinephrine
✔✔What is lexapro used to treat? - ✔✔depression and anxiety
✔✔What is Prozac used to treat? - ✔✔major depressive disorder, obsessive-
compulsive disorder and panic attacks
✔✔What is Zoloft used to treat? - ✔✔depression, anxiety and other mood disorders
✔✔What ages is fluoxetine (Prozac) approved for? - ✔✔ages 8 and up
✔✔What ages is escitalopram (Lexapro) approved to treat? - ✔✔ages 12 and up
✔✔How many weeks should it take for patients to see results with SSRIs? - ✔✔4 weeks
bring them back in 2-4 weeks for re-evaluation
✔✔What is Alprazolam (Xanax) used to treat? - ✔✔Symptoms of anixety, panic
disorder, and anxiety associated with depression
✔✔What should you think of when you think about Benzodiazepines? - ✔✔dependency
GRADED A+
✔✔What are the dangerous side effects of metformin? - ✔✔lactic acidosis
✔✔How do Sulfonylureas (glipizide) and Meglitinides work? - ✔✔directly stimulate
insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, lowering blood glucose concentrations by
increasing insulin secretion
✔✔What should you look for in patients taking both Metformin and Sulfonylureas? -
✔✔hypoglycemia
✔✔Dapagliflozin is in what class of medication? . - ✔✔sodium-glucose co-transporter 2
(SGLT2) inhibitors
✔✔What medication class is Trulicity (dulaglutide) ? - ✔✔GLP-1 receptor agonist
✔✔What is the mechanism of action for Trulicity? - ✔✔Binds to GLP-1 receptors
stimulating insulin secretion and lowering glucagon secretion from the liver
✔✔How do we manage Trulicity and Dapagliflozin in clinical practice? - ✔✔repeating
A1C q3 months until the patient is well controlled
✔✔How are insulins classified? - ✔✔timing of action in the body
how quickly they start to act when they have maximal effect
how long they act
✔✔Which insulin is the drug of choice in hospitals for treating patients with
ketoacidosis? - ✔✔Regular or short acting
✔✔How long does it take regular insulin to reach the blood stream, when does it peak,
and how long does it last? - ✔✔reaches the blood stream in 30 mins, peaks within 2-3
hours and lasts about 3-6 hours
✔✔How does long acting insulin (lantus) work? - ✔✔starts working several hours after
injection and can work to lower glucose levels for up to 24 hours
✔✔What is important patient education with insulin? - ✔✔how to recognize
hypoglycemia symptoms and advise against herbal treatments
✔✔What class of medication is levothyroxine? - ✔✔hormones
✔✔What do you teach patients about with levothyroxine? - ✔✔teach older patients
about heart risks such as arrhythmias
, Teach patients to keep using the same medication brand
✔✔What time of the day do you take levothyroxine? - ✔✔early in the morning on an
empty stomach
✔✔When should you not prescribe levothyroxine? - ✔✔If patient had a recent MI
✔✔What is propylthiouracil (PTU) used to treat? - ✔✔hyperthyroidism due to graves
disease and toxic multinodular goiter
✔✔What is the preferred hyperthyroidism drug in pregnancy? - ✔✔Propylthiouracil
(PTU)
✔✔What is the preferred hyperthyroidism drug in children? - ✔✔Methimazole
✔✔How do PTU and Methimazole work? - ✔✔inhibit the production of thyroid hormone
✔✔List 3 Inappropriate use of thyroid hormones - ✔✔Obesity
Infertility
Depression
✔✔What is the mechanism of action in SSRI? - ✔✔inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin
thereby increasing serotonin activity.
Have little effect on dopamine or norepinephrine
✔✔What is lexapro used to treat? - ✔✔depression and anxiety
✔✔What is Prozac used to treat? - ✔✔major depressive disorder, obsessive-
compulsive disorder and panic attacks
✔✔What is Zoloft used to treat? - ✔✔depression, anxiety and other mood disorders
✔✔What ages is fluoxetine (Prozac) approved for? - ✔✔ages 8 and up
✔✔What ages is escitalopram (Lexapro) approved to treat? - ✔✔ages 12 and up
✔✔How many weeks should it take for patients to see results with SSRIs? - ✔✔4 weeks
bring them back in 2-4 weeks for re-evaluation
✔✔What is Alprazolam (Xanax) used to treat? - ✔✔Symptoms of anixety, panic
disorder, and anxiety associated with depression
✔✔What should you think of when you think about Benzodiazepines? - ✔✔dependency
