CMAS 258N PRACTICE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔How does CAPTA define physical abuse? - ✔✔- non-accidental physical injury that
is inflicted by a parent, caregiver, or other person who has responsibility for the child
- injury considered abuse regardless of whether or not the caregiver intended to hurt the
child and can result from severe discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate
to the child's age/ condition
- may occur as a result of a single episode or of repeated episodes and can range in
severity from minor marks and bruising to death
✔✔Physical abuse is determined by... - ✔✔- child's level of development
- the pattern and size of the injury
- the location of the injury
- caregiver's explanation of the injury
✔✔What are signs of abuse via bruising? - ✔✔- non-cruising infant
- bruises on face, ear, buttock, genitals, neck, back, inner thigh
- extensive bruising without a history
- bruising or marks that appear inflicted or have a pattern (hanger, palm print, buckle,
rope, belt, cord, etc.)
- bruising whites of the eyes: conjunctival hemorrhage (results from strangulation and
hitting)
✔✔What is the TEN-4 bruising rule? - ✔✔T=torso (check, abdomen, back, butt,
genitals, hip)
E=ears
N=neck
4= less than 4 or equal to 4 years old OR if the child is less than 4 months, there should
be no bruising ANYWHERE
✔✔What are other physical indicators of physical abuse? - ✔✔- human bite marks
- choke marks
- pinch marks
- grab marks
- fingernail scratches
- fractures (especially in those under 1 year)
- burns and scalds (cigarettes on inaccessible spots)
- head and internal injuries (greatest number of fatalities from child maltreatment,
shaken baby syndrome)
✔✔What are behavioral indicators of physical abuse? - ✔✔- first signs often observed in
hospital settings: extreme injuries, cry hysterically while examined, passive
watchfulness, search for tangible comforts like food
- delayed motor and social development
, - impaired capacity to enjoy life: pseudomature (old for their age), low self-esteem
- withdrawal
- ability to adapt to people and settings
- regression as a defense mechanism
- escaping: running away, drugs, provoke abuse
✔✔What are Psychiatric symptoms of physical abuse? - ✔✔- Enuresis: inability to
control bladder function
- Encopresis: fecal soiling
- temper tantrums
- bizarre behavior
✔✔What are the effects of children witnessing violence in their homes? - ✔✔- more
aggressive with peers
- can abuse their own partners/ children
- less friends
- hyperactivity, anxiety, learning problems
✔✔How does CAPTA define Sexual Abuse? - ✔✔- the employment, use, persuasion,
inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other
person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the
purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct
- the rape, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation
of children, or incest with children
✔✔How does PA define sexual abuse? - ✔✔the employment, use, persuasion,
inducement, enticement, or coercion of a child to engage in or assist another individual
to engage in sexually explicit conduct, which includes the following:
- looking at the sexual or other intimate parts of a child or another individual for the
purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in any individual
- participating in sexually explicit conversation either in person, by telephone, computer
for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual
- actual/ simulated sexual activity for the purpose of producing visual depiction,
including photography, videotaping, computer depicting, or filming
DOES NOT INCLUDE consensual activities between a child who is 14+ and another
person who is 14+ and whose age is within 4 years of the child's age
✔✔What is intrafamilial abuse? - ✔✔sexual abuse by a blood relative who is assumed
to be part of the child's nuclear family
✔✔What is extrafamilial abuse? - ✔✔sexual abuse by a person not related to the child
(has fewer resources)
- pedophilia: love of children
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔How does CAPTA define physical abuse? - ✔✔- non-accidental physical injury that
is inflicted by a parent, caregiver, or other person who has responsibility for the child
- injury considered abuse regardless of whether or not the caregiver intended to hurt the
child and can result from severe discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate
to the child's age/ condition
- may occur as a result of a single episode or of repeated episodes and can range in
severity from minor marks and bruising to death
✔✔Physical abuse is determined by... - ✔✔- child's level of development
- the pattern and size of the injury
- the location of the injury
- caregiver's explanation of the injury
✔✔What are signs of abuse via bruising? - ✔✔- non-cruising infant
- bruises on face, ear, buttock, genitals, neck, back, inner thigh
- extensive bruising without a history
- bruising or marks that appear inflicted or have a pattern (hanger, palm print, buckle,
rope, belt, cord, etc.)
- bruising whites of the eyes: conjunctival hemorrhage (results from strangulation and
hitting)
✔✔What is the TEN-4 bruising rule? - ✔✔T=torso (check, abdomen, back, butt,
genitals, hip)
E=ears
N=neck
4= less than 4 or equal to 4 years old OR if the child is less than 4 months, there should
be no bruising ANYWHERE
✔✔What are other physical indicators of physical abuse? - ✔✔- human bite marks
- choke marks
- pinch marks
- grab marks
- fingernail scratches
- fractures (especially in those under 1 year)
- burns and scalds (cigarettes on inaccessible spots)
- head and internal injuries (greatest number of fatalities from child maltreatment,
shaken baby syndrome)
✔✔What are behavioral indicators of physical abuse? - ✔✔- first signs often observed in
hospital settings: extreme injuries, cry hysterically while examined, passive
watchfulness, search for tangible comforts like food
- delayed motor and social development
, - impaired capacity to enjoy life: pseudomature (old for their age), low self-esteem
- withdrawal
- ability to adapt to people and settings
- regression as a defense mechanism
- escaping: running away, drugs, provoke abuse
✔✔What are Psychiatric symptoms of physical abuse? - ✔✔- Enuresis: inability to
control bladder function
- Encopresis: fecal soiling
- temper tantrums
- bizarre behavior
✔✔What are the effects of children witnessing violence in their homes? - ✔✔- more
aggressive with peers
- can abuse their own partners/ children
- less friends
- hyperactivity, anxiety, learning problems
✔✔How does CAPTA define Sexual Abuse? - ✔✔- the employment, use, persuasion,
inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other
person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the
purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct
- the rape, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation
of children, or incest with children
✔✔How does PA define sexual abuse? - ✔✔the employment, use, persuasion,
inducement, enticement, or coercion of a child to engage in or assist another individual
to engage in sexually explicit conduct, which includes the following:
- looking at the sexual or other intimate parts of a child or another individual for the
purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in any individual
- participating in sexually explicit conversation either in person, by telephone, computer
for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual
- actual/ simulated sexual activity for the purpose of producing visual depiction,
including photography, videotaping, computer depicting, or filming
DOES NOT INCLUDE consensual activities between a child who is 14+ and another
person who is 14+ and whose age is within 4 years of the child's age
✔✔What is intrafamilial abuse? - ✔✔sexual abuse by a blood relative who is assumed
to be part of the child's nuclear family
✔✔What is extrafamilial abuse? - ✔✔sexual abuse by a person not related to the child
(has fewer resources)
- pedophilia: love of children
