LPN IV Therapy Exam, Answered
(Ch 01 Quiz) 1. What percentage of body weight is attributed to ECF?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 40% - C. 20%
• ECF makes up about 20% of body weight.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 2. Which type of solution raises serum osmolarity and pulls fluid and
electrolytes from the intracellular and interstitial
compartments into the intravascular compartment?
A. Isotonic
B. Solvent
C. Hypotonic
D. Hypertonic - D. Hypertonic
• The higher osmolarity of hypertonic solutions draws
fluid into the intravascular compartment.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 3. Which electrolyte participates in neurotransmitter release at
synapses?
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Phosphorus
D. Chloride - A. Calcium
• Calcium participates in neurotransmitter release at synapses.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 4. Intravascular infections can be prevented by which of the
following precautions?
A. Securing the venous access device with gauze
B. Changing insertion sites according to facility policy
C. Applying the tourniquet 6" to 8" (15 to 20 cm) above the insertion site
D. Washing your hands after inserting the device - B. Changing insertion sites
according to facility policy
,• Intravascular infection can be prevented by alternating insertion sites.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 5. When capillary blood pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure:
A. water and diffusible solutes leave the capillaries and circulate into the ISF.
B. water and diffusible solutes return to the capillaries.
C. there's no change.
D. intake and output are affected. - A. water and diffusible solutes leave the
capillaries and circulate into the ISF.
• When capillary blood pressure exceeds colloid
osmotic pressure, water and diffusible solutes leave the capillaries and circulate
into the ISF. When capillary blood pressure falls below colloid osmotic pressure,
water and diffusible solutes return to the capillaries.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 1. I.V. medication may be indicated when:
A. the patient needs a slower therapeutic effect.
B. the medication can't be absorbed by the GI tract.
C. the medication given orally is stable in gastric juices.
D. the medication isn't irritating to muscle tissues. - B. the medication can't be
absorbed by the GI tract.
• I.V. medication has a rapid effect and may be indicated if the medication can't be
absorbed by the GI tract, is unstable in gastric juices, or causes pain or tissue
damage when given I.M. or subQ.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 2. What's the preferred route of medication in emergencies?
A. I.V.
B. SubQ
C. I.M.
D. Oral - A. I.V.
• The I.V. route allows therapeutic levels to be achieved rapidly.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 3. Loading dose, lock-out interval, and maintenance doses are
basic to:
A. I.V. therapy.
B. PCA therapy.
C. continuous I.V. morphine drips.
,D. TPN. - B. PCA therapy.
• These concepts are basic to PCA therapy.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 4. A patient receiving I.V. therapy has redness at the I.V. site. The
patient denies feeling pain at the area. These findings suggest what degree of
phlebitis?
A. 4+
B. 3+
C. 2+
D. 1+ - D. 1+
• According to the Intravenous Nurses Society Revised Standards of Practice,
phlebitis that involves erythema with or without pain is classified as 1+.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 5. Elderly patients are more prone to which complications of
I.V. therapy?
A. Hypersensitivity
B. Phlebitis
C. Infection
D. Extravasation - B. Phlebitis
• Because many elderly patients have fragile veins,
they're more prone to phlebitis and infiltration.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 6. The one way to prevent extravasation is by:
A. using a high-pressure pump to infuse vesicants.
B. using a small vein to insert the access device.
C. using a gauze dressing over the insertion site.
D. using an existing I.V. catheter only after patency has been assured. - D. using an
existing I.V. catheter only after patency has been assured.
• An existing I.V. catheter should only be used after its patency has been assessed.
If the catheter isn't patent, perform a new venipuncture to ensure correct catheter
placement and vein patency.
(Ch 01 Review) Objectives of I.V. therapy: - • To restore and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance
• To provide medications and chemotherapeutic agents
, • To transfuse blood and blood products
• To deliver parenteral nutrients and nutritional supplements
(Ch 01 Review) Benefits of I.V. therapy: - • Administers fluids, drugs, nutrients,
and other solutions when a patient can't take oral substances
• Allows for more accurate dosing
• Allows medication to reach the bloodstream immediately
(Ch 01 Review) Risks of I.V. therapy: - • Blood vessel damage
• Infiltration
• Infection
• Overdose
• Incompatibility of drugs and solutions when mixed
• Adverse or allergic reactions
• May limit patient activity
• Expensive
(Ch 01 Review) Fluids, electrolytes, and I.V. therapy Fluid functions: - • Helps
regulate body temperature
• Transports nutrients and gases throughout the body
• Carries cellular waste products to excretion sites
• Includes intracellular fluid (fluid existing inside cells) and extracellular fluid,
which is composed of interstitial fluid (fluid that surrounds each cell of the
body) and intravascular fluid (blood plasma)
(Ch 01 Review) Electrolyte functions: - • Conducts current that's necessary for cell
function
• Includes sodium and chloride (major extracellular electrolytes), potassium and
phosphorus (major intracellular electrolytes), calcium, and magnesium
(Ch 01 Review) Fluid and electrolyte balance: - • Fluid balance involves the
kidneys, heart, liver, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and nervous system.
• Fluid volume and concentration are regulated by the interaction of antidiuretic
hormone (regulates water
retention) and aldosterone (retains sodium and water).
(Ch 01 Quiz) 1. What percentage of body weight is attributed to ECF?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 40% - C. 20%
• ECF makes up about 20% of body weight.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 2. Which type of solution raises serum osmolarity and pulls fluid and
electrolytes from the intracellular and interstitial
compartments into the intravascular compartment?
A. Isotonic
B. Solvent
C. Hypotonic
D. Hypertonic - D. Hypertonic
• The higher osmolarity of hypertonic solutions draws
fluid into the intravascular compartment.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 3. Which electrolyte participates in neurotransmitter release at
synapses?
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Phosphorus
D. Chloride - A. Calcium
• Calcium participates in neurotransmitter release at synapses.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 4. Intravascular infections can be prevented by which of the
following precautions?
A. Securing the venous access device with gauze
B. Changing insertion sites according to facility policy
C. Applying the tourniquet 6" to 8" (15 to 20 cm) above the insertion site
D. Washing your hands after inserting the device - B. Changing insertion sites
according to facility policy
,• Intravascular infection can be prevented by alternating insertion sites.
(Ch 01 Quiz) 5. When capillary blood pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure:
A. water and diffusible solutes leave the capillaries and circulate into the ISF.
B. water and diffusible solutes return to the capillaries.
C. there's no change.
D. intake and output are affected. - A. water and diffusible solutes leave the
capillaries and circulate into the ISF.
• When capillary blood pressure exceeds colloid
osmotic pressure, water and diffusible solutes leave the capillaries and circulate
into the ISF. When capillary blood pressure falls below colloid osmotic pressure,
water and diffusible solutes return to the capillaries.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 1. I.V. medication may be indicated when:
A. the patient needs a slower therapeutic effect.
B. the medication can't be absorbed by the GI tract.
C. the medication given orally is stable in gastric juices.
D. the medication isn't irritating to muscle tissues. - B. the medication can't be
absorbed by the GI tract.
• I.V. medication has a rapid effect and may be indicated if the medication can't be
absorbed by the GI tract, is unstable in gastric juices, or causes pain or tissue
damage when given I.M. or subQ.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 2. What's the preferred route of medication in emergencies?
A. I.V.
B. SubQ
C. I.M.
D. Oral - A. I.V.
• The I.V. route allows therapeutic levels to be achieved rapidly.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 3. Loading dose, lock-out interval, and maintenance doses are
basic to:
A. I.V. therapy.
B. PCA therapy.
C. continuous I.V. morphine drips.
,D. TPN. - B. PCA therapy.
• These concepts are basic to PCA therapy.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 4. A patient receiving I.V. therapy has redness at the I.V. site. The
patient denies feeling pain at the area. These findings suggest what degree of
phlebitis?
A. 4+
B. 3+
C. 2+
D. 1+ - D. 1+
• According to the Intravenous Nurses Society Revised Standards of Practice,
phlebitis that involves erythema with or without pain is classified as 1+.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 5. Elderly patients are more prone to which complications of
I.V. therapy?
A. Hypersensitivity
B. Phlebitis
C. Infection
D. Extravasation - B. Phlebitis
• Because many elderly patients have fragile veins,
they're more prone to phlebitis and infiltration.
(Ch 04 Quiz) 6. The one way to prevent extravasation is by:
A. using a high-pressure pump to infuse vesicants.
B. using a small vein to insert the access device.
C. using a gauze dressing over the insertion site.
D. using an existing I.V. catheter only after patency has been assured. - D. using an
existing I.V. catheter only after patency has been assured.
• An existing I.V. catheter should only be used after its patency has been assessed.
If the catheter isn't patent, perform a new venipuncture to ensure correct catheter
placement and vein patency.
(Ch 01 Review) Objectives of I.V. therapy: - • To restore and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance
• To provide medications and chemotherapeutic agents
, • To transfuse blood and blood products
• To deliver parenteral nutrients and nutritional supplements
(Ch 01 Review) Benefits of I.V. therapy: - • Administers fluids, drugs, nutrients,
and other solutions when a patient can't take oral substances
• Allows for more accurate dosing
• Allows medication to reach the bloodstream immediately
(Ch 01 Review) Risks of I.V. therapy: - • Blood vessel damage
• Infiltration
• Infection
• Overdose
• Incompatibility of drugs and solutions when mixed
• Adverse or allergic reactions
• May limit patient activity
• Expensive
(Ch 01 Review) Fluids, electrolytes, and I.V. therapy Fluid functions: - • Helps
regulate body temperature
• Transports nutrients and gases throughout the body
• Carries cellular waste products to excretion sites
• Includes intracellular fluid (fluid existing inside cells) and extracellular fluid,
which is composed of interstitial fluid (fluid that surrounds each cell of the
body) and intravascular fluid (blood plasma)
(Ch 01 Review) Electrolyte functions: - • Conducts current that's necessary for cell
function
• Includes sodium and chloride (major extracellular electrolytes), potassium and
phosphorus (major intracellular electrolytes), calcium, and magnesium
(Ch 01 Review) Fluid and electrolyte balance: - • Fluid balance involves the
kidneys, heart, liver, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and nervous system.
• Fluid volume and concentration are regulated by the interaction of antidiuretic
hormone (regulates water
retention) and aldosterone (retains sodium and water).
