IB Biology HL
1. What are the characteristics common to all forms of life?: reproduction,
carbon, responds to surroundings, Growth and Development, cellular organization, and energy
2. What are the levels of biological organization from simple to most
complex?-
: Molecules, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
3. What are the 4 most common types of biological molecules?: Proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
4. Organelle: any of a number of organized or specialized structures in a living cell
5. Cell: The smallest structure and functional unit of an organism.
6. Tissue: The material of specialized cells and their products that make a wall of cells and their products
7. Organ: a part of an organism that is self-contained and serves a function
8. Organism: an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form
9. What are the similarities and differences of a population and an ecosystem?: a
population and ecosystem both include organisms, however a population is one type of species while an ecosystem
is both biotic and abiotic things.
10. What is the definition of emergent properties?: the feature that can't be directly from the
features of its simpler parts eg. the taste of salt w/ the combination of Na+Cl
11. What are the 4 shared characteristics of cells?: DNA, cytoplasm, ribosome, and
plasma membranes
12. What is the definition of unicellular organisms?: an organism that consists only of 1 cell
eg. bacteria/microorganisms
13. What is the definition of multicellular organisms?: an organism that consists of
multiple cells eg. human
14. What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and:
eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells have no nuclei, unlike Eukaryotic cells. Both are enclosed by membranes
and have DNA. Prokaryotic cells have no independent organelles, except for the organelle of ribosome
15. How do the cells in multicellular organisms become specialized?: By
controlling what DNA is expressed in one cell, because all of the cells in an organism have the same DNA, but
,only express some. This might include how tight the bindings of the protein are, and if protein is made what the
microRNAs do
16. What is sexual reproduction?: the production of a new living organism by combining genetics
of 2 ditterent sexes/fusion of 2 gametes
17. What is asexual reproduction?: the reproduction of ottspring without the fusion of gametes.
,18. How do Growth and Development differ?: Growth is the process of Development, which
is getting bigger/stronger/smarter
19. When consumers die, what gets nutrients and energy from the dead?:
The saprotrophs and detritivores
20. What is the definition of homeostasis and an example?: The ability or tendency of
an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physical processes. eg. body temperature in
mammals
21. What is the definition of metabolism?: The chemical processes in living organisms in
order to maintain life. eg. the mammal's body metabolism can change the need and absorption of energy,
depending on environment
22. How does "response to environment" differ from "adaptation to
environ- ment?": Response involves the behavior that results from the environment, while adaptation is how
structures or functions of an organism change in order to better survive in the environment.
23. What is the definition of adapt?: to adjust to the environment
24. What is the definition of anabolism?: constructive metabolism that synthesizes more complex
substances from simple substances
25. What is the definition of an atom?: The smallest unit of matter
26. What is the definition of autotroph?: any organism capable of self nourishment to get energ
27. What is the definition of Biome?: a large naturally occuring community of fauna and flora
occupying that habitat
28. What is the definition of biosphere?: it is the part of the earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere
that support life
29. What is the definition of catabolism?: the metabolism breaking down complex into
simple substances with the release of energy
30. What is the definition of cell?: the smallest functioning structure of living matter
31. What is the definition of cell membrane?: The semipermeable membrane enclosing
the cytoplasm of a cell
32. What is the definition of community?: a set of species found in the same place at the same tim
33. What is the definition of cytoplasm?: The cell substance between cell membrane and nucleu
34. What is the definition of detritivore?: an organism that uses organic waste as a food source
35. What is the definition of differentiation?: process by which cells or tissues
change/specialize in development
, 36. What is an electron?: an elementary particle having negative charge and exists outside of the
nucleus (electron cloud)
37. What is evolution?: process how ditterent living organisms developed and diversified
38. What is growth?: increasing in amount or complexity
39. What is a heterotroph?: organism deriving nutrients from complex organic substances
40. What is a molecule?: a group of atoms bonded together
41. What is a neutron?: a neutrally charged ion inside the nucleus with proton
42. What is organization?: organic structure or compositions
43. What is a proton?: A positive ion in the nucleus with a neutron
44. What are ribosomes?: tiny mitten-shaped organelles that manufacture proteins
45. What is a saprotroph?: organism that live and feeds on dead organic matter
46. What is tissue?: An aggregate of similar cells and cell products
47. What happens to the SA:V ratio when the size of the cell increases?: the ratio
is becoming smaller ad smaller, giving a cell less surface area for the transport of nutrients for given unit volume
48. What does the amount of surface area for a cell dictate?: the larger the SA is, the
rate of dittusion halves each time cell doubles size, and the cell has a limit before it is too large to metabolize
49. What does the amount of volume dictate in a cell?: the number of reactions increase in
a cell the larger the volume
50. What are some adaptations by cells to maximize their SA:V ratio?: Creating
many more cell folds (Crista) in their cell membranes to maximize the SA which speeds up the processes of cellular
metabolism
51. What is the function of a cell membrane?: To protect the nucleus and filter particles
52. What is the structure of a phospholipid?: made up of 2 hydrophobic tails for each
hydrophilic head. Structure is flexible and changes shape easily due to fluidity. Structure is strong due to
attraction between hydrophobic tails
53. How are integral proteins different from peripheral proteins?: integral
protein is inside the lipid bilayer, where peripheral protein are attached to the hydrophilic heads of the
bilayer
54. What are the 4 functions of membrane bound proteins?: a) Immune system
receptors
(b) act as carrier proteins to transport molecules across cell membranes (c) signal transduction (d) cell-cell adhesion
55. Why are carrier proteins and channel proteins different types of
1. What are the characteristics common to all forms of life?: reproduction,
carbon, responds to surroundings, Growth and Development, cellular organization, and energy
2. What are the levels of biological organization from simple to most
complex?-
: Molecules, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
3. What are the 4 most common types of biological molecules?: Proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
4. Organelle: any of a number of organized or specialized structures in a living cell
5. Cell: The smallest structure and functional unit of an organism.
6. Tissue: The material of specialized cells and their products that make a wall of cells and their products
7. Organ: a part of an organism that is self-contained and serves a function
8. Organism: an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form
9. What are the similarities and differences of a population and an ecosystem?: a
population and ecosystem both include organisms, however a population is one type of species while an ecosystem
is both biotic and abiotic things.
10. What is the definition of emergent properties?: the feature that can't be directly from the
features of its simpler parts eg. the taste of salt w/ the combination of Na+Cl
11. What are the 4 shared characteristics of cells?: DNA, cytoplasm, ribosome, and
plasma membranes
12. What is the definition of unicellular organisms?: an organism that consists only of 1 cell
eg. bacteria/microorganisms
13. What is the definition of multicellular organisms?: an organism that consists of
multiple cells eg. human
14. What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and:
eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells have no nuclei, unlike Eukaryotic cells. Both are enclosed by membranes
and have DNA. Prokaryotic cells have no independent organelles, except for the organelle of ribosome
15. How do the cells in multicellular organisms become specialized?: By
controlling what DNA is expressed in one cell, because all of the cells in an organism have the same DNA, but
,only express some. This might include how tight the bindings of the protein are, and if protein is made what the
microRNAs do
16. What is sexual reproduction?: the production of a new living organism by combining genetics
of 2 ditterent sexes/fusion of 2 gametes
17. What is asexual reproduction?: the reproduction of ottspring without the fusion of gametes.
,18. How do Growth and Development differ?: Growth is the process of Development, which
is getting bigger/stronger/smarter
19. When consumers die, what gets nutrients and energy from the dead?:
The saprotrophs and detritivores
20. What is the definition of homeostasis and an example?: The ability or tendency of
an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physical processes. eg. body temperature in
mammals
21. What is the definition of metabolism?: The chemical processes in living organisms in
order to maintain life. eg. the mammal's body metabolism can change the need and absorption of energy,
depending on environment
22. How does "response to environment" differ from "adaptation to
environ- ment?": Response involves the behavior that results from the environment, while adaptation is how
structures or functions of an organism change in order to better survive in the environment.
23. What is the definition of adapt?: to adjust to the environment
24. What is the definition of anabolism?: constructive metabolism that synthesizes more complex
substances from simple substances
25. What is the definition of an atom?: The smallest unit of matter
26. What is the definition of autotroph?: any organism capable of self nourishment to get energ
27. What is the definition of Biome?: a large naturally occuring community of fauna and flora
occupying that habitat
28. What is the definition of biosphere?: it is the part of the earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere
that support life
29. What is the definition of catabolism?: the metabolism breaking down complex into
simple substances with the release of energy
30. What is the definition of cell?: the smallest functioning structure of living matter
31. What is the definition of cell membrane?: The semipermeable membrane enclosing
the cytoplasm of a cell
32. What is the definition of community?: a set of species found in the same place at the same tim
33. What is the definition of cytoplasm?: The cell substance between cell membrane and nucleu
34. What is the definition of detritivore?: an organism that uses organic waste as a food source
35. What is the definition of differentiation?: process by which cells or tissues
change/specialize in development
, 36. What is an electron?: an elementary particle having negative charge and exists outside of the
nucleus (electron cloud)
37. What is evolution?: process how ditterent living organisms developed and diversified
38. What is growth?: increasing in amount or complexity
39. What is a heterotroph?: organism deriving nutrients from complex organic substances
40. What is a molecule?: a group of atoms bonded together
41. What is a neutron?: a neutrally charged ion inside the nucleus with proton
42. What is organization?: organic structure or compositions
43. What is a proton?: A positive ion in the nucleus with a neutron
44. What are ribosomes?: tiny mitten-shaped organelles that manufacture proteins
45. What is a saprotroph?: organism that live and feeds on dead organic matter
46. What is tissue?: An aggregate of similar cells and cell products
47. What happens to the SA:V ratio when the size of the cell increases?: the ratio
is becoming smaller ad smaller, giving a cell less surface area for the transport of nutrients for given unit volume
48. What does the amount of surface area for a cell dictate?: the larger the SA is, the
rate of dittusion halves each time cell doubles size, and the cell has a limit before it is too large to metabolize
49. What does the amount of volume dictate in a cell?: the number of reactions increase in
a cell the larger the volume
50. What are some adaptations by cells to maximize their SA:V ratio?: Creating
many more cell folds (Crista) in their cell membranes to maximize the SA which speeds up the processes of cellular
metabolism
51. What is the function of a cell membrane?: To protect the nucleus and filter particles
52. What is the structure of a phospholipid?: made up of 2 hydrophobic tails for each
hydrophilic head. Structure is flexible and changes shape easily due to fluidity. Structure is strong due to
attraction between hydrophobic tails
53. How are integral proteins different from peripheral proteins?: integral
protein is inside the lipid bilayer, where peripheral protein are attached to the hydrophilic heads of the
bilayer
54. What are the 4 functions of membrane bound proteins?: a) Immune system
receptors
(b) act as carrier proteins to transport molecules across cell membranes (c) signal transduction (d) cell-cell adhesion
55. Why are carrier proteins and channel proteins different types of
