Clinical Nursing Skills and Techniques
Comprehensive Test Bank and Exam
Review 2025
Oxygen therapy is defined as
A. The process of inhaling room air only
B. The use of bronchodilators to open airways
C. The administration of supplemental oxygen
D. The removal of carbon dioxide from blood
Rationale: Oxygen therapy involves providing additional oxygen to maintain adequate blood
oxygen levels. The other options describe unrelated respiratory actions.
Hypoxia refers to
A. Excess carbon dioxide in the blood
B. Insufficient oxygen to meet metabolic demands at tissues and cells
C. Rapid breathing caused by anxiety
D. Excessive oxygen in the bloodstream
Rationale: Hypoxia occurs when oxygen delivery to tissues is inadequate. Hypercapnia (not
hypoxia) involves CO₂ accumulation.
Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include
A. Apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, dizziness, and behavioral changes
B. Slow pulse and euphoria
C. Cyanosis only
D. Numbness and tingling
Rationale: Hypoxia causes restlessness, confusion, and behavioral changes due to decreased
oxygen to the brain. Cyanosis appears in severe cases only.
Hemoglobin (Hgb) is
A. A plasma protein for clotting
B. A white blood cell
,C. The carrier of respiratory gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. A digestive enzyme
Rationale: Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and carries carbon dioxide back for
exhalation. The other options are unrelated to gas transport.
Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce the amount of
A. Oxygen transported to the cells and carbon dioxide transported away from the cells
B. Nitrogen inhaled into the lungs
C. Blood sugar
D. Electrolytes in plasma
Rationale: Low hemoglobin means less oxygen and CO₂ exchange capacity. Other factors like
nitrogen and glucose are not affected by Hgb levels.
Hemoglobin levels and acid-base status directly affect
A. Oxygenation
B. Blood pressure
C. Heart rate
D. Kidney filtration
Rationale: Both pH and hemoglobin concentration determine how efficiently oxygen binds and
releases.
Acidemia increases the ability of hemoglobin to
A. Release oxygen to tissues
B. Bind more oxygen
C. Reduce CO₂ retention
D. Prevent vasodilation
Rationale: A low blood pH shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin curve right, enhancing oxygen
release.
Alkalemia decreases the ability of hemoglobin to
A. Release oxygen to tissues
B. Bind carbon dioxide
C. Carry hydrogen ions
D. Maintain blood viscosity
,Rationale: A high blood pH causes tighter O₂ binding, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues.
Contraindications to oxygen therapy include
A. Conditions that increase the risk for respiratory failure
B. Mild fever
C. Cough and sore throat
D. High blood pressure
Rationale: Certain conditions like chronic pulmonary disease can worsen with excess oxygen.
Patients at risk for respiratory failure include those with
A. Congenital heart defects and chronic pulmonary diseases
B. Anemia and fatigue
C. Diabetes and arthritis
D. Dehydration
Rationale: These patients have impaired gas exchange and should receive oxygen sparingly.
In patients with congenital heart defects, oxygen affects
A. Blood flow through the heart and lungs
B. Brain metabolism
C. Muscle contraction
D. Liver function
Rationale: Oxygen changes pulmonary vascular resistance, altering heart-lung blood flow.
Hypercarbia (hypercapnia) is
A. Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. High blood pH
D. Lung infection
Rationale: Hypercapnia refers to elevated CO₂ due to hypoventilation or lung disease.
Patients with chronic pulmonary disease should receive oxygen
A. Sparingly
, B. Continuously at high flow
C. Only during sleep
D. Through nasal suction
Rationale: Too much oxygen can suppress their natural breathing drive and cause CO₂ retention.
In patients with chronic pulmonary disease, oxygen therapy increases
A. Risk for elevated carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercarbia)
B. Oxygen saturation
C. Blood pressure
D. Heart rate
Rationale: Excess O₂ can reduce respiratory drive and raise CO₂ levels.
For safety, always know the patient’s
A. Normal range of vital signs and pulse oximetry values
B. Blood sugar
C. Fluid intake
D. Weight
Rationale: Oxygen therapy must be guided by baseline vitals and oxygen saturation.
Patients with chronic respiratory disease have difficulty maintaining optimal
A. Oxygen levels in polluted environments
B. Appetite
C. Heart rhythms
D. Blood sugar
Rationale: Air pollution worsens breathing and reduces oxygenation efficiency.
A home safety hazard for patients on oxygen includes
A. Gas stoves, kerosene heaters, or smokers in the home
B. Electric fans
C. Carpets and furniture
D. Running water
Rationale: Open flames and smoke can pose serious fire risks when oxygen is in use.
Comprehensive Test Bank and Exam
Review 2025
Oxygen therapy is defined as
A. The process of inhaling room air only
B. The use of bronchodilators to open airways
C. The administration of supplemental oxygen
D. The removal of carbon dioxide from blood
Rationale: Oxygen therapy involves providing additional oxygen to maintain adequate blood
oxygen levels. The other options describe unrelated respiratory actions.
Hypoxia refers to
A. Excess carbon dioxide in the blood
B. Insufficient oxygen to meet metabolic demands at tissues and cells
C. Rapid breathing caused by anxiety
D. Excessive oxygen in the bloodstream
Rationale: Hypoxia occurs when oxygen delivery to tissues is inadequate. Hypercapnia (not
hypoxia) involves CO₂ accumulation.
Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include
A. Apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, dizziness, and behavioral changes
B. Slow pulse and euphoria
C. Cyanosis only
D. Numbness and tingling
Rationale: Hypoxia causes restlessness, confusion, and behavioral changes due to decreased
oxygen to the brain. Cyanosis appears in severe cases only.
Hemoglobin (Hgb) is
A. A plasma protein for clotting
B. A white blood cell
,C. The carrier of respiratory gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. A digestive enzyme
Rationale: Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and carries carbon dioxide back for
exhalation. The other options are unrelated to gas transport.
Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce the amount of
A. Oxygen transported to the cells and carbon dioxide transported away from the cells
B. Nitrogen inhaled into the lungs
C. Blood sugar
D. Electrolytes in plasma
Rationale: Low hemoglobin means less oxygen and CO₂ exchange capacity. Other factors like
nitrogen and glucose are not affected by Hgb levels.
Hemoglobin levels and acid-base status directly affect
A. Oxygenation
B. Blood pressure
C. Heart rate
D. Kidney filtration
Rationale: Both pH and hemoglobin concentration determine how efficiently oxygen binds and
releases.
Acidemia increases the ability of hemoglobin to
A. Release oxygen to tissues
B. Bind more oxygen
C. Reduce CO₂ retention
D. Prevent vasodilation
Rationale: A low blood pH shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin curve right, enhancing oxygen
release.
Alkalemia decreases the ability of hemoglobin to
A. Release oxygen to tissues
B. Bind carbon dioxide
C. Carry hydrogen ions
D. Maintain blood viscosity
,Rationale: A high blood pH causes tighter O₂ binding, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues.
Contraindications to oxygen therapy include
A. Conditions that increase the risk for respiratory failure
B. Mild fever
C. Cough and sore throat
D. High blood pressure
Rationale: Certain conditions like chronic pulmonary disease can worsen with excess oxygen.
Patients at risk for respiratory failure include those with
A. Congenital heart defects and chronic pulmonary diseases
B. Anemia and fatigue
C. Diabetes and arthritis
D. Dehydration
Rationale: These patients have impaired gas exchange and should receive oxygen sparingly.
In patients with congenital heart defects, oxygen affects
A. Blood flow through the heart and lungs
B. Brain metabolism
C. Muscle contraction
D. Liver function
Rationale: Oxygen changes pulmonary vascular resistance, altering heart-lung blood flow.
Hypercarbia (hypercapnia) is
A. Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
B. Low oxygen in tissues
C. High blood pH
D. Lung infection
Rationale: Hypercapnia refers to elevated CO₂ due to hypoventilation or lung disease.
Patients with chronic pulmonary disease should receive oxygen
A. Sparingly
, B. Continuously at high flow
C. Only during sleep
D. Through nasal suction
Rationale: Too much oxygen can suppress their natural breathing drive and cause CO₂ retention.
In patients with chronic pulmonary disease, oxygen therapy increases
A. Risk for elevated carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercarbia)
B. Oxygen saturation
C. Blood pressure
D. Heart rate
Rationale: Excess O₂ can reduce respiratory drive and raise CO₂ levels.
For safety, always know the patient’s
A. Normal range of vital signs and pulse oximetry values
B. Blood sugar
C. Fluid intake
D. Weight
Rationale: Oxygen therapy must be guided by baseline vitals and oxygen saturation.
Patients with chronic respiratory disease have difficulty maintaining optimal
A. Oxygen levels in polluted environments
B. Appetite
C. Heart rhythms
D. Blood sugar
Rationale: Air pollution worsens breathing and reduces oxygenation efficiency.
A home safety hazard for patients on oxygen includes
A. Gas stoves, kerosene heaters, or smokers in the home
B. Electric fans
C. Carpets and furniture
D. Running water
Rationale: Open flames and smoke can pose serious fire risks when oxygen is in use.
