BIO101 – Biology – Biomolecules and
Macromolecules Study Guide (Complete Review
Notes)
1.A. What are the major elements of life? - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and
nitrogen.
1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures?
- Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur
between carbon and another element.
2 monosaccharides - disaccharide
2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. - Carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids.
2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound. - Carbohydrates: main
source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of
materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids: storage of energy;
storage or transmission of genetic information.
2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not? - Proteins have long chains of
monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain.
3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above? - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms.
3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? - Carbohydrates
amino acid is also known as a...? - peptide or protein
amino acid structure -
carbohydrate structure -
Macromolecules Study Guide (Complete Review
Notes)
1.A. What are the major elements of life? - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and
nitrogen.
1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures?
- Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur
between carbon and another element.
2 monosaccharides - disaccharide
2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. - Carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids.
2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound. - Carbohydrates: main
source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of
materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids: storage of energy;
storage or transmission of genetic information.
2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not? - Proteins have long chains of
monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain.
3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above? - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms.
3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? - Carbohydrates
amino acid is also known as a...? - peptide or protein
amino acid structure -
carbohydrate structure -
