BPK 241 Midterm Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
Preventative Medicine - Correct answer-*Primary*
-To prevent injury/illness --> warmup, stretching, training, rest days,
nutrition/hydration
*Secondary*
-Once injury/illness has happened --> antibiotics/anti-inflammatories, rehab to
return to original function (physio, chiro, massage), braces/taping
*Tertiary*
-When original function cannot be restored --> reduce long-term impact (rehab to
improve existing disability), improve quality of life (wheelchair sports, sledge
hockey)
General Conditioning - Correct answer--Endurance Training
-Strength/Power
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,-Flexibility
Endurance Training - Correct answer--Cardiac output (CO) = HR × SV
-Fitness is proportional to resting heart rate over 1 minute
-20-60 minutes, HR >150 bpm, at least 3 times a week
Strength/Power Training - Correct answer--Progressive resistance (weight) training
-Isometric = least stressful for muscle (i.e. at start of rehab)
-Isotonic = concentric (muscle shortening) and eccentric (muscle lengthening) -->
eccentric is most stressful for muscles (should be later in rehab; have to include if
sport includes eccentric movements)
-Plyometrics --> absorbing and quickly reversing energy; important for sports with
explosive movements
-Who/when/why/how depends on the athlete/what they do
Flexibility Training - Correct answer--Very important; depends on the athlete and
sport
-Static and dynamic stretching
-PNF (proprioceptive neural feedback) stretching
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,-Foam roller/tennis ball on wall
-Massage
Specific training - Correct answer-*Sport-specific* --> skating, batting, pitching,
shooting a basketball, swimming stroke, etc.
*Individual-specific* --> foot speed, strength, power, flexibility
*Skills* --> gross (large muscle groups, usually less precise --> e.g. shotput) vs.
fine skills (smaller muscle groups, more precise --> e.g. darts); open (changing
environment --> e.g. hockey) vs. closed skills (closed environment --> e.g. indoor
track)
Protective Equipment - Correct answer--Absorbs energy (e.g. foam padding
beneath hard shell)
-Disperse energy (curves --> distributes force better)
-Deflects a blow
-Limits excess movement (e.g. football collars)
-Special forms of protection (goggles, helmets, footwear, braces/tape/splints,
supporters)
Nutrition - Correct answer-*Macronutrients*
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, -Carbohydrates
-Fat
-Protein
*Micronutrients*
-Minerals
-Vitamins
*Hydration*
-Water
-Electrolytes
Protein - Correct answer--Provides 4kcal/g of energy
-20-25% of intake
-Protein alone does not increase muscle mass; complex process related to
hormones
-Protein is necessary but not as a source of fuel --> extra protein consumed is
burned as energy or stored as fat
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and Answers
Preventative Medicine - Correct answer-*Primary*
-To prevent injury/illness --> warmup, stretching, training, rest days,
nutrition/hydration
*Secondary*
-Once injury/illness has happened --> antibiotics/anti-inflammatories, rehab to
return to original function (physio, chiro, massage), braces/taping
*Tertiary*
-When original function cannot be restored --> reduce long-term impact (rehab to
improve existing disability), improve quality of life (wheelchair sports, sledge
hockey)
General Conditioning - Correct answer--Endurance Training
-Strength/Power
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,-Flexibility
Endurance Training - Correct answer--Cardiac output (CO) = HR × SV
-Fitness is proportional to resting heart rate over 1 minute
-20-60 minutes, HR >150 bpm, at least 3 times a week
Strength/Power Training - Correct answer--Progressive resistance (weight) training
-Isometric = least stressful for muscle (i.e. at start of rehab)
-Isotonic = concentric (muscle shortening) and eccentric (muscle lengthening) -->
eccentric is most stressful for muscles (should be later in rehab; have to include if
sport includes eccentric movements)
-Plyometrics --> absorbing and quickly reversing energy; important for sports with
explosive movements
-Who/when/why/how depends on the athlete/what they do
Flexibility Training - Correct answer--Very important; depends on the athlete and
sport
-Static and dynamic stretching
-PNF (proprioceptive neural feedback) stretching
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-Foam roller/tennis ball on wall
-Massage
Specific training - Correct answer-*Sport-specific* --> skating, batting, pitching,
shooting a basketball, swimming stroke, etc.
*Individual-specific* --> foot speed, strength, power, flexibility
*Skills* --> gross (large muscle groups, usually less precise --> e.g. shotput) vs.
fine skills (smaller muscle groups, more precise --> e.g. darts); open (changing
environment --> e.g. hockey) vs. closed skills (closed environment --> e.g. indoor
track)
Protective Equipment - Correct answer--Absorbs energy (e.g. foam padding
beneath hard shell)
-Disperse energy (curves --> distributes force better)
-Deflects a blow
-Limits excess movement (e.g. football collars)
-Special forms of protection (goggles, helmets, footwear, braces/tape/splints,
supporters)
Nutrition - Correct answer-*Macronutrients*
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Carbohydrates
-Fat
-Protein
*Micronutrients*
-Minerals
-Vitamins
*Hydration*
-Water
-Electrolytes
Protein - Correct answer--Provides 4kcal/g of energy
-20-25% of intake
-Protein alone does not increase muscle mass; complex process related to
hormones
-Protein is necessary but not as a source of fuel --> extra protein consumed is
burned as energy or stored as fat
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
