D027 PATHOPHARM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 100% 2025-2026
Cholinesterase inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rivastigmine (Exelon,
Razadyne), while donepezil (Aricept)
Lispro (Humalog) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rapid-acting insulin. Onset: less than
15 minutes. Peak: 0.5-1 hour.
Duration: 3-4 hours.
Aspart (Novolog) onset/Peak - CORRECT ANSWERS-10-20 min.40-50 min.
1-3 hrs
glargine (Lantus®) and detemir (Levemir®) - CORRECT ANSWERS-cannot be
mixed
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Slow/stop rheumatic disease progression. Modify and inhibit pathological
effects and immune responses of rheumatic disease. Used mostly in early
stages of disease. High incidence of drug toxicity. Examples: Methotrexate,
leflunomide, chloroquine, TNF inhibitors, Enabrel, Humira
,Anticoagulants: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Used to treat deep vein thrombosis,
pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, angina, stroke risk reduction, and
heart attack by thinning the blood to prevent blood clots.
Heparin -PPT (Antidote - Protamine Sulfate)
Coumadin -PT/INR(Antidote - Vit K.)
Aspirin (ASA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Non-opioid
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
antipyretic
Antipltelet - Blood thinner
Aspirin = binds to Cox 1/Cox 2 (stops platelet aggregation, gi upset, tinnitus,
HA, sweating)
Potassium sparing diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS-spironolactone,
triamterene, amiloride
thyroid supplement drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-Composed of drived
(desiccated) thyroid gland tissue taken from animal
Thyroid inhibiting agents - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inhibit the synthesis of
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are widely used as antithyroid
drugs (ATDs) for the treatment of Graves' disease.
,color blindness and hemophilia - CORRECT ANSWERS-sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to
distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color
deficits are sickle cell anemia.
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWERS--Inhibit Na
reabsorption in the *distal tubule*
-Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion
-Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
Diuril (chlorothiazide) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1st line drug tx for
antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination
Calcium Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-(INE)agents that inhibit the
entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart
rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the
smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or
treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
Ca Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dilate the arteries and reduce the
force of the heart's contractions
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
, ACE inhibitors adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. first dose hypotension
2. orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia
4.photosensitvity
5.renal insufficiency
6. hyperkalemia
7. Angioedema
8. Bone marrow depression
Beta Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by
blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi
Escitalopram - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lexapro
SSRI
pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWERS-The endocrine system's most influential
gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates
growth and controls other endocrine glands.
atherosclerotic plaque - CORRECT ANSWERS-fatty deposits accumulated due
to elevated glucose levels
Primary HTN risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Genetic predisposition
2. Excess dietary salt intake
CORRECT ANSWERS 100% 2025-2026
Cholinesterase inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rivastigmine (Exelon,
Razadyne), while donepezil (Aricept)
Lispro (Humalog) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rapid-acting insulin. Onset: less than
15 minutes. Peak: 0.5-1 hour.
Duration: 3-4 hours.
Aspart (Novolog) onset/Peak - CORRECT ANSWERS-10-20 min.40-50 min.
1-3 hrs
glargine (Lantus®) and detemir (Levemir®) - CORRECT ANSWERS-cannot be
mixed
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Slow/stop rheumatic disease progression. Modify and inhibit pathological
effects and immune responses of rheumatic disease. Used mostly in early
stages of disease. High incidence of drug toxicity. Examples: Methotrexate,
leflunomide, chloroquine, TNF inhibitors, Enabrel, Humira
,Anticoagulants: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Used to treat deep vein thrombosis,
pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, angina, stroke risk reduction, and
heart attack by thinning the blood to prevent blood clots.
Heparin -PPT (Antidote - Protamine Sulfate)
Coumadin -PT/INR(Antidote - Vit K.)
Aspirin (ASA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Non-opioid
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
antipyretic
Antipltelet - Blood thinner
Aspirin = binds to Cox 1/Cox 2 (stops platelet aggregation, gi upset, tinnitus,
HA, sweating)
Potassium sparing diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS-spironolactone,
triamterene, amiloride
thyroid supplement drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-Composed of drived
(desiccated) thyroid gland tissue taken from animal
Thyroid inhibiting agents - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inhibit the synthesis of
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are widely used as antithyroid
drugs (ATDs) for the treatment of Graves' disease.
,color blindness and hemophilia - CORRECT ANSWERS-sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to
distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color
deficits are sickle cell anemia.
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWERS--Inhibit Na
reabsorption in the *distal tubule*
-Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion
-Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
Diuril (chlorothiazide) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1st line drug tx for
antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination
Calcium Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-(INE)agents that inhibit the
entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart
rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the
smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or
treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
Ca Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dilate the arteries and reduce the
force of the heart's contractions
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
, ACE inhibitors adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. first dose hypotension
2. orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia
4.photosensitvity
5.renal insufficiency
6. hyperkalemia
7. Angioedema
8. Bone marrow depression
Beta Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by
blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi
Escitalopram - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lexapro
SSRI
pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWERS-The endocrine system's most influential
gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates
growth and controls other endocrine glands.
atherosclerotic plaque - CORRECT ANSWERS-fatty deposits accumulated due
to elevated glucose levels
Primary HTN risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Genetic predisposition
2. Excess dietary salt intake
