Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam

Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam


The Primary role of Fungi - ANSWERDecomposers- they break things down



Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - ANSWERHeterotrophs with extracellular digestion



Exoenzymes - ANSWERFungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex
molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.



Extracellular Digestion - ANSWERThe release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the
absorption of nutrients..



Saprobes - ANSWERFungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms



Symbionts - ANSWERFungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship)



Mutualism in Fungi - ANSWERboth organisms benefit, neither is harmed.

Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)

Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots



Commensalism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is unharmed



Parasitism - ANSWEROne organism benefits, the other is harmed

,Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - ANSWEREx: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot)

Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite

1. black stem rust on wheat

2. ergots on rye

3. strawberries with botrytis mold

4. pink ear rot of corn



Black Stem Rust - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat



Ergots - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives
hallucinogenic sensations



Botrytis Mold - ANSWERParasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries



Fungi Characteristics - ANSWER1. Heterotrophic

2. Extracellular Digestion

3. Chitin-Based Cell wall

4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae



Hyphae - ANSWERfilaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus

In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth

Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic



Yeast - ANSWERYeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae

MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR

, Septatea2-
a2ANSWERYoua2cana2seea2thea2cella2separationa2becausea2thea2nucleia2area2confineda2ina2anda2separated
a2bya2cella2walls


Thinka2"separate"



Coenocytica2-
a2ANSWERYoua2canta2seea2thea2cella2separation.a2Ita2isa2multinucleateda2meaninga2thata2therea2area2mul
tiplea2nucleia2nota2separateda2bya2aa2cella2wall



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a2ANSWERcollectivelya2refersa2toa2aa2buncha2ofa2hyphaea2thata2togethera2makea2upa2thea2bodya2ofa2thea
2fungus


Hyphaea2(smallesta2unit)a2makea2upa2thea2myceliuma2(entirea2fungusa2body)



Haustoriaa2-
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(thea2host)

Aftera2penetrationa2thesea2specializeda2hyphaea2releasea2enzymesa2thata2breaka2downa2thea2cella2wall,a2t
husa2allowinga2greatera2potentiala2movementa2ofa2organica2carbona2froma2hosta2toa2fungus.



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a2ANSWERFungia2havea2cella2wallsa2anda2fruitinga2bodies,a2soa2werea2originallya2thoughta2toa2bea2plant
s.a2However,a2theya2area2mosta2closelya2relateda2toa2animals



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Mitosisa2-
a2ANSWERHasa2NOa2prerequisitea2fora2cella2division,a2alla2ita2needsa2isa2aa2nucleus.a2Whata2youa2starta
2witha2isa2whata2youa2enda2witha2(identicala2nucleia2anda2identicala2DNA)