Introduction to Theories of Learning – 10th Edition by Matthew H. Olson | Test Bank with Complete Solutions | ISBN-

TEST BANK
Introduction to Theories of Learning 10th Edition
by Olson All 16 Chapters

,Table of Contents
PART I Introduction to Learning

Chapter 1: What Is Learning?

Chapter 2: Approaches to the Study of Learning

Chapter 3: Early Notions about Learning Chapter 4:

Edward Lee Thorndike

PART II Predominantly Functionalistic Theories

Chapter 5: Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Chapter 6: Clark Leonard Hull

PART III Predominantly Associationistic Theories

Chapter 7: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Chapter 8:

Edwin Ray Guthrie Chapter 9: William

Kaye Estes

PART IV Predominantly Cognitive Theories

Chapter 10: Gestalt Theory Chapter 11:

Jean Piaget

Chapter 12: Edward Chace Tolman Chapter

13: Albert Bandura

PART V A Predominantly Neurophysiological Theory

Chapter 14: Donald Olding Hebb

Chapter 15: Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology Chapter 16: A

Final Word

, CHAPTER 1 (* - Correct Answer)



1. Most psychologists reject dictionary definitions of learning because:
P P P P P P P



a. the definitions are too objective P P P P



b. the definitions tend to be behavioristic
P P P P P



c. * the definitions are nebulous
P P P P



d. learning is not definable P P P




2. The Skinnerians oppose equating the terms "reward" and "reinforcement" because:
P P P P P P P P P



a. * reinforcers strengthen behavior whereas rewards do not
P P P P P P P




b. organisms must invest considerable time and energy to obtain P P P P P P P P



reinforcers but notto obtain rewards
P P P P P



c. only reinforcers are given or received in recognition of worthy behavior
P P P P P P P P P P



d. rewards strengthen behavior whereas reinforcers do not P P P P P P




3. To attribute a behavioral change to learning, the change must be all of the
P P P P P P P P P P P P P



Pfollowingexcept:
a. relatively permanent P



b. the result of experience P P P



c. observed in performance P P




d. * the result of maturation
P P P P




4. We can make inferences concerning the learning process by studying:
P P P P P P P P P



a. * changes in behavior P P P



b. the mind P



c. acquired knowledge P




d. motivational states P




5. According to most learning theorists the learning process:
P P P P P P P



a. cannot be studied objectively P P P



b. cannot be studied at all P P P P



c. * can be studied only indirectly through changes in behavior
P P P P P P P P P




d. can be studied directly P P P




6. For most learning theorists, learning is thought of as a(n):
P P P P P P P P P



a. independent variable P



b. dependent variable P



c. * intervening variable P P




d. extraneous variable P




7. Short term memory refers to:
P P P P




a. learning that occurs very rapidly P P P P

, b. information that is learned in a short time but is lost over a long period of time
P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P



c. remembering how to do something you have not done for awhile P P P P P P P P P P



d. * remembering an experience for only a short time after termination of
P P P P P P P P P P P



Ptheexperience

8. Sensitization is: P



a. the development of an awareness of the needs of other people
P P P P P P P P P P




b. * the tendency to be more responsive to the environment following an
P P P P P P P P P P P



arousingexperience
P



c. the gradual formation of a strong habit
P P P P P P



d. the tendency to be less responsive to a stimulus after prolonged exposure
P P P P P P P P P P P



to thatstimulus
P P




9. After entering a room and being distracted by the smell of a strong perfume, a
P P P P P P P P P P P P P P



Ppersoneventually no longer notices it. This is an example of: P P P P P P P P P



a. * habituation P



b. sensitization
c. selective perception P



d. avoidance conditioning P




10. The following diagram exemplifies which of the following?
P P P P P P P



A. Stimulus1 -----------------> No Response P P P



B. An arousing experience P P



C. Stimulus1 ---------------- > Response P P P




a. habituation
b. * sensitization P



c. selective perception P



d. conditioning

11. Performance:
a. is the same as learning
P P P P



b. * is the translation of learning into behavior
P P P P P P P



c. is independent of learning
P P P



d. can be either mental or behavioral
P P P P P




12. An unlearned response to a specific stimulus exemplifies a(n):
P P P P P P P P



a. conditioned reflex P



b. sensitization
c. * reflex P



d. instinct

13. Which of the following terms is currently being used instead of the term instinct?
P P P P P P P P P P P P P



a. * species-specific behavior
P P



b. self-motivated behavior P



c. imprinting
d. unlearned behavior