BISC 101 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
What are the three domains of life?
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
1. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
2. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What are the names and functions of eukaryotic organelles?
1. Nucleus - stores genetic material
2. Mitochondria - energy production
3. Endoplasmic reticulum - protein/lipid synthesis
4. Golgi apparatus - protein modification and packaging
5. Lysosome - digestion of macromolecules
6. Ribosome - protein synthesis
What are the four main types of macromolecules in the cell?
1. Proteins
2. Lipids
3. Carbohydrates
4. Nucleic acids
,Is a C-H bond polar covalent or nonpolar covalent?
Non polar convalent
Is an O-H bond polar covalent or non polar covalent
Polar covalent
When sodium chloride dissolves in water, what are the ions formed and their charges?
1. Sodium ion (Na+)
2. Chloride ion (Cl−)
Do plant cells have mitochondria?
1. Yes, plant cells have mitochondria
What kinds of macromolecules are used to make cellular organelles?
1. Proteins
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic acids
4. Carbohydrates
How does the structure of the phospholipid bilayer contribute to membrane fluidity?
1. The hydrophobic tails can be saturated or unsaturated, affecting packing
2. Unsaturated tails increase fluidity due to kinks preventing tight packing
What role do carbohydrates play on the cell surface?
1. They are part of glycoproteins and glycolipids
2. Involved in cell recognition and signaling
, Describe the concept of biological levels of organization from molecules to cells.
1. Molecules like proteins and nucleic acids form organelles
2. Organelles come together to make cells, the fundamental unit of life
How do hydrogen bonds influence the structure and properties of water?
1. Hydrogen bonds create surface tension and cohesion
2. They stabilize water's liquid state and influence solubility of molecules
What are the distinguishing features of ionic bonds compared to covalent bonds in
biological molecules?
1. Ionic bonds result from attraction between charged ions
2. Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms
How can the shape of a protein be related to its function?
1. The 3D structure determines binding and catalytic sites
2. Alterations in shape can affect protein activity and interactions
What are the main differences between animal and plant cells at the organelle level?
1. Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, and large central vacuoles
2. Animal cells lack these but have lysosomes and small vacuoles
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
1. To separate the internal contents of the cell from the external environment
2. To regulate the transport of substances into and out of the cell
What are the major components of the plasma membrane?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
What are the three domains of life?
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
1. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
2. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What are the names and functions of eukaryotic organelles?
1. Nucleus - stores genetic material
2. Mitochondria - energy production
3. Endoplasmic reticulum - protein/lipid synthesis
4. Golgi apparatus - protein modification and packaging
5. Lysosome - digestion of macromolecules
6. Ribosome - protein synthesis
What are the four main types of macromolecules in the cell?
1. Proteins
2. Lipids
3. Carbohydrates
4. Nucleic acids
,Is a C-H bond polar covalent or nonpolar covalent?
Non polar convalent
Is an O-H bond polar covalent or non polar covalent
Polar covalent
When sodium chloride dissolves in water, what are the ions formed and their charges?
1. Sodium ion (Na+)
2. Chloride ion (Cl−)
Do plant cells have mitochondria?
1. Yes, plant cells have mitochondria
What kinds of macromolecules are used to make cellular organelles?
1. Proteins
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic acids
4. Carbohydrates
How does the structure of the phospholipid bilayer contribute to membrane fluidity?
1. The hydrophobic tails can be saturated or unsaturated, affecting packing
2. Unsaturated tails increase fluidity due to kinks preventing tight packing
What role do carbohydrates play on the cell surface?
1. They are part of glycoproteins and glycolipids
2. Involved in cell recognition and signaling
, Describe the concept of biological levels of organization from molecules to cells.
1. Molecules like proteins and nucleic acids form organelles
2. Organelles come together to make cells, the fundamental unit of life
How do hydrogen bonds influence the structure and properties of water?
1. Hydrogen bonds create surface tension and cohesion
2. They stabilize water's liquid state and influence solubility of molecules
What are the distinguishing features of ionic bonds compared to covalent bonds in
biological molecules?
1. Ionic bonds result from attraction between charged ions
2. Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms
How can the shape of a protein be related to its function?
1. The 3D structure determines binding and catalytic sites
2. Alterations in shape can affect protein activity and interactions
What are the main differences between animal and plant cells at the organelle level?
1. Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, and large central vacuoles
2. Animal cells lack these but have lysosomes and small vacuoles
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
1. To separate the internal contents of the cell from the external environment
2. To regulate the transport of substances into and out of the cell
What are the major components of the plasma membrane?
