ECCB-403 Final Exam Questions AND Correct Answers
___ are responsible for about 40% of historic extinctions. - ✔✔Introduced animals
- Once of the Four Causes of Extinction ("Evil Quartet)
___ biology is the biology of population decline and scarcity and is a central focus of much public
concern. - ✔✔Conservation
"R" recruits after "t" years in the fished population is given by the formula for geometric decrease:
- N_t = Re^-(F+M)t
This is the familiar curve of geometric increase (or decrease).
If R 1, this formula gives: - ✔✔The fraction of recruits alive at any time since entering the fishery.
A key factor is defined as the component of the life table that causes the major fluctuations in
population size.
An implication of this definition is that: - ✔✔Key factors can be used to predict population trends
(Morris 1963)
A population in a closed system will increase until it reaches an equilibrium point at which: - ✔✔Per
Capita Birth rate = Per Capita Death Rate
A population in a closed system1 will increase until it reaches an equilibrium point at which:
Per Capita Birth rate = Per Capita Death Rate
Figure 14.2 illustrates three possible ways in which this equilibrium may be defined.
,As a population goes UP: - ✔✔1. Birth Rates may FALL
OR
2. Death Rates may RISE
OR
3. BOTH changes may occur
All individuals in a population are: - ✔✔NOT identical—they differ in sex, age, size, behavior, and in a
variety of physiological and genetic traits.
Allee Effects - ✔✔Population growth rates that decrease below replacement level at low population
density, potentially leading to extinction.
Allee effects can be widespread in many plant and animal species, and in particular can arise when
predation is a major source of mortality (Gascoigne and Lipcius 2004).
The important point is that these effects occur below a threshold population size or density, and that
once below this threshold, : - ✔✔Extinction is likely!
Allee effects can be widespread in many plant and animal species, and in particular can arise when: -
✔✔Predation is a major source of mortality.
Allele Effects produce instability in populations and may contribute to: - ✔✔Local Extinctions!
- For that reason they are a focus of great interest in conservation biology.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
,Historically, the relationship between harvest and natural mortality was discussed with 2 models:
Additive and Compensatory.
Completely compensatory mortality occurs when natural post-hunt mortality is: - ✔✔Reduced due to
the decline in population size caused by hunting,
leading to the same population sizes in harvested and unharvested areas.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
Historically, the relationship between harvest and natural mortality was discussed with 2 models:
Additive and Compensatory.
With respect to winter survival, completely additive mortality occurs when the natural mortality of the
post-hunt population is: - ✔✔Unaffected by the reduction in population size caused by the hunt,
leading to a much-reduced population in harvested areas.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
Our results indicate that harvest is almost completely additive to natural mortality. Consequently,
managers should recognize that harvest can significantly lower spring northern bobwhite breeding
densities.
One way to reduce harvest effects is to assure that: - ✔✔Harvest timing occurs in early winter and
hunting season length is minimized.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
Results indicate that harvest is almost: - ✔✔Completely y additive to natural mortality.
, - Consequently, managers should recognize that harvest can significantly lower spring northern
bobwhite breeding densities.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
With respect to winter survival, mortality either falls as Completely Additive Mortality OR Completely
Compensatory Mortality.
Within bobwhite harvest theory, however, : - ✔✔Either end of the spectrum rarely occurs.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
With respect to winter survival, mortality either falls as Completely Additive Mortality OR Completely
Compensatory Mortality.
Within bobwhite harvest theory, however, either end of the spectrum rarely occurs.
Rather the reduction in population size due to harvest causes partial compensation in the natural post-
hunt mortality but NOT sufficient compensation to cancel the impact of harvesting.
Within this partial compensation model, natural and harvest mortality hypothetically occurs via the
additive theorem of probability: - ✔✔S = 1 - [Ko + Vo - Ko * Vo]
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
With respect to winter survival, mortality either falls as Completely Additive Mortality OR Completely
Compensatory Mortality.
Within bobwhite harvest theory, however, either end of the spectrum rarely occurs.
___ are responsible for about 40% of historic extinctions. - ✔✔Introduced animals
- Once of the Four Causes of Extinction ("Evil Quartet)
___ biology is the biology of population decline and scarcity and is a central focus of much public
concern. - ✔✔Conservation
"R" recruits after "t" years in the fished population is given by the formula for geometric decrease:
- N_t = Re^-(F+M)t
This is the familiar curve of geometric increase (or decrease).
If R 1, this formula gives: - ✔✔The fraction of recruits alive at any time since entering the fishery.
A key factor is defined as the component of the life table that causes the major fluctuations in
population size.
An implication of this definition is that: - ✔✔Key factors can be used to predict population trends
(Morris 1963)
A population in a closed system will increase until it reaches an equilibrium point at which: - ✔✔Per
Capita Birth rate = Per Capita Death Rate
A population in a closed system1 will increase until it reaches an equilibrium point at which:
Per Capita Birth rate = Per Capita Death Rate
Figure 14.2 illustrates three possible ways in which this equilibrium may be defined.
,As a population goes UP: - ✔✔1. Birth Rates may FALL
OR
2. Death Rates may RISE
OR
3. BOTH changes may occur
All individuals in a population are: - ✔✔NOT identical—they differ in sex, age, size, behavior, and in a
variety of physiological and genetic traits.
Allee Effects - ✔✔Population growth rates that decrease below replacement level at low population
density, potentially leading to extinction.
Allee effects can be widespread in many plant and animal species, and in particular can arise when
predation is a major source of mortality (Gascoigne and Lipcius 2004).
The important point is that these effects occur below a threshold population size or density, and that
once below this threshold, : - ✔✔Extinction is likely!
Allee effects can be widespread in many plant and animal species, and in particular can arise when: -
✔✔Predation is a major source of mortality.
Allele Effects produce instability in populations and may contribute to: - ✔✔Local Extinctions!
- For that reason they are a focus of great interest in conservation biology.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
,Historically, the relationship between harvest and natural mortality was discussed with 2 models:
Additive and Compensatory.
Completely compensatory mortality occurs when natural post-hunt mortality is: - ✔✔Reduced due to
the decline in population size caused by hunting,
leading to the same population sizes in harvested and unharvested areas.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
Historically, the relationship between harvest and natural mortality was discussed with 2 models:
Additive and Compensatory.
With respect to winter survival, completely additive mortality occurs when the natural mortality of the
post-hunt population is: - ✔✔Unaffected by the reduction in population size caused by the hunt,
leading to a much-reduced population in harvested areas.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
Our results indicate that harvest is almost completely additive to natural mortality. Consequently,
managers should recognize that harvest can significantly lower spring northern bobwhite breeding
densities.
One way to reduce harvest effects is to assure that: - ✔✔Harvest timing occurs in early winter and
hunting season length is minimized.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
Results indicate that harvest is almost: - ✔✔Completely y additive to natural mortality.
, - Consequently, managers should recognize that harvest can significantly lower spring northern
bobwhite breeding densities.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
With respect to winter survival, mortality either falls as Completely Additive Mortality OR Completely
Compensatory Mortality.
Within bobwhite harvest theory, however, : - ✔✔Either end of the spectrum rarely occurs.
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
With respect to winter survival, mortality either falls as Completely Additive Mortality OR Completely
Compensatory Mortality.
Within bobwhite harvest theory, however, either end of the spectrum rarely occurs.
Rather the reduction in population size due to harvest causes partial compensation in the natural post-
hunt mortality but NOT sufficient compensation to cancel the impact of harvesting.
Within this partial compensation model, natural and harvest mortality hypothetically occurs via the
additive theorem of probability: - ✔✔S = 1 - [Ko + Vo - Ko * Vo]
Along the lines regarding the Bobwhite quail study in Kansas,
With respect to winter survival, mortality either falls as Completely Additive Mortality OR Completely
Compensatory Mortality.
Within bobwhite harvest theory, however, either end of the spectrum rarely occurs.
