BSC 484 Old Test Review EXAM Questions AND Correct Answers
Define *alternative splicing* - ✔✔...
Define *ambisense coding strategy* - ✔✔used by arenaviruses and some members of the bunyavirus
family, in which an RNA genome segment contains both positive- and negative- sense genes; therefore,
some viral proteins are made from messenger RNAs copied from the genome RNA, while other proteins
are made from messenger RNAs copied from the antigenome RNA.
Define *Apoptosis* - ✔✔the process of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) that leads to the elimination of
cells without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.
Define *Arbovirus* - ✔✔Arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted to animals and humans via
arthropods.
Define *cap-snatching mechanism* - ✔✔• Three influenza proteins are involved in stealing the cap of
host mRNAs: PB2, PB1, and PA.
• The cap, along with 10 to 13 nucleotides from the 5' end of the cellular mRNA, is removed from the
host mRNA by PB1, and the RNA from the 59 end of the cleaved cellular mRNA is used as a primer to
initiate transcription of viral RNAs
Define *capsomer* - ✔✔a basic subunit of the capsid proteins (repeating protein subunits)
Define *Dane particle* - ✔✔infectious virions
Define *dead-end host* - ✔✔a human
Define *endosome* - ✔✔intermediate membrane vesicles in the receptor-mediated endocytosis
pathway
, Define *HBV pregenome mRNA* - ✔✔the MRNA already in the genome of HBV, that is synthesized
during HBV replication cycles.
Define *hemorrhagic fever* - ✔✔disease caused by a number of viruses, involving high fever, vascular
damage leading to internal bleeding, and resulting shock, which if untreated can lead to organ failure
and death.
Define *HPV plasmid replication* - ✔✔The infectious cycle follows differentiation of epithelial cells
Define *HSV rolling circle replication* - ✔✔produces concatemers in multimeric sets in a linear and/or
circular form
Define *latent infection* - ✔✔infection that remains in the neurons, that later can become recurrent.
Ex: herpes simplex virus.
Define *M.O.I.* - ✔✔acronym for Multiplicity of Infection, which means infections grow per cell.
Define *negative staining* - ✔✔virion structure
Define *Poliomyelitis* - ✔✔disease caused by poliovirus, involving central nervous system lesions that
can lead to paralysis.
Define *polyprotein* - ✔✔a precursor protein that is cleaved by proteolysis during or after synthesis to
generate several mature functional proteins.
Define *prion* - ✔✔infectious proteins with no detectable nucleic acids
Define *proviral DNA* - ✔✔a DNA copy if a retrovirus genome that is inserted into the chromosome of
an infected host cell.
Define *reassortment genetics* - ✔✔mixture of viral strains to make a new strain of genes.
Define *alternative splicing* - ✔✔...
Define *ambisense coding strategy* - ✔✔used by arenaviruses and some members of the bunyavirus
family, in which an RNA genome segment contains both positive- and negative- sense genes; therefore,
some viral proteins are made from messenger RNAs copied from the genome RNA, while other proteins
are made from messenger RNAs copied from the antigenome RNA.
Define *Apoptosis* - ✔✔the process of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) that leads to the elimination of
cells without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.
Define *Arbovirus* - ✔✔Arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted to animals and humans via
arthropods.
Define *cap-snatching mechanism* - ✔✔• Three influenza proteins are involved in stealing the cap of
host mRNAs: PB2, PB1, and PA.
• The cap, along with 10 to 13 nucleotides from the 5' end of the cellular mRNA, is removed from the
host mRNA by PB1, and the RNA from the 59 end of the cleaved cellular mRNA is used as a primer to
initiate transcription of viral RNAs
Define *capsomer* - ✔✔a basic subunit of the capsid proteins (repeating protein subunits)
Define *Dane particle* - ✔✔infectious virions
Define *dead-end host* - ✔✔a human
Define *endosome* - ✔✔intermediate membrane vesicles in the receptor-mediated endocytosis
pathway
, Define *HBV pregenome mRNA* - ✔✔the MRNA already in the genome of HBV, that is synthesized
during HBV replication cycles.
Define *hemorrhagic fever* - ✔✔disease caused by a number of viruses, involving high fever, vascular
damage leading to internal bleeding, and resulting shock, which if untreated can lead to organ failure
and death.
Define *HPV plasmid replication* - ✔✔The infectious cycle follows differentiation of epithelial cells
Define *HSV rolling circle replication* - ✔✔produces concatemers in multimeric sets in a linear and/or
circular form
Define *latent infection* - ✔✔infection that remains in the neurons, that later can become recurrent.
Ex: herpes simplex virus.
Define *M.O.I.* - ✔✔acronym for Multiplicity of Infection, which means infections grow per cell.
Define *negative staining* - ✔✔virion structure
Define *Poliomyelitis* - ✔✔disease caused by poliovirus, involving central nervous system lesions that
can lead to paralysis.
Define *polyprotein* - ✔✔a precursor protein that is cleaved by proteolysis during or after synthesis to
generate several mature functional proteins.
Define *prion* - ✔✔infectious proteins with no detectable nucleic acids
Define *proviral DNA* - ✔✔a DNA copy if a retrovirus genome that is inserted into the chromosome of
an infected host cell.
Define *reassortment genetics* - ✔✔mixture of viral strains to make a new strain of genes.
