TEST BANK. LATEST VERIFIED UPDATE WITH
ACTUAL EXAM QUSTIONS AND ANSWERS.
VERIFIED AND GRADED A+.
The period of endocrinologic, somatic, and transitory psychologic changes that occur around
the time of menopause.
- CORRECT ANS>> Climacteric phase
LMP before age 45 - CORRECT ANS>> Early menopause
LMP after age 54 - CORRECT ANS>> Late menopause
Menopause that occurs before age 40 - CORRECT ANS>> Primary ovarian insufficiency
Persistent difference of 7 days or more in the length of consecutive cycles. - CORRECT
ANS>> Early menopause transition (stage -2)
60 or more consecutive days of amenorrhea - CORRECT ANS>> Late menopause transition
(stage -1)
,Explains why some perimenopausal women have elevated estrogen level sometimes...In the
early menopause transition, elevated FSH levels are adequate to recruit a second follicle
which results in a follicular phase-like rise in estradiol secretion superimposed on the mid-to-
late luteal phase of the ongoing ovulatory cycle. - CORRECT ANS>> Luteal out of phase
event (LOOP)
Obese women are more likely to have anovulatory cycles with high estradiol levels. They are
also more likely to have lower premenopause yet higher postmenopause estradiol levels
compared with women of normal weight. (why they are at higher risk of endometrial cancer) -
CORRECT ANS>> Obese women and estradiol levels during menopause
These ethnic groups have lower estradiol levels then white, black and hispanic women. -
CORRECT ANS>> Chinese and Japanese women
late menopause stage: 5-8 years after FMP. Somatic aging predominates. Increased
genitourinary symptoms. - CORRECT ANS>> stage +2
,early post menopause: 2 years after FMP. FSH rises, estradiol decreases. VMS
predominate. - CORRECT ANS>> Stages +1a,
+1b, +1c
Endocrine labs after menopause - CORRECT ANS>> Elevated FSH, LH
These hormones work during reproductive years to not deplete follicle pool too quickly. -
CORRECT ANS>> AMH, inhibin B
Menstrual cycle variable, persistent >7 day difference between difference in length of
consecutive cycles. - CORRECT ANS>> Phases during menopause transition and PMS
symptoms
many pitfalls, variable depending on the day of the cycle you draw the lab, normal or low
FSH is not helpful. - CORRECT ANS>> How to respond if a patient requests FSH lab?
AMH - CORRECT ANS>> The potentially superior marker of menopause, a lab.
, Adrenal androgens: precursor hromones produced by the adrenal gland that are
enzymatically converted to active androgens or estrogens in peripheral tissues. - CORRECT
ANS>> DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)
Vagina, vulva, urethra, trigone of the bladder - CORRECT ANS>>
Location of estrogen receptors
maintain blood flow, the collagen, and HA within the epithelial surfaces. Supports microbiome
which supports acidity of vagina and protects tissue from pathogens. - CORRECT ANS>>
Effects of estrogen on tissue
Thinning, loss of elasticity, loss or absence or rugae. - CORRECT ANS>> Vaginal changes
with menopause
vagina narrows, urethra moves closer to the introitus. - CORRECT ANS>> Vagina and
urethra in menopause
Vaginal estrogen and urinary incontinence: what type does it help with? - CORRECT ANS>>
Stress urinary incontinence