1|Page
UTMB ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 Exam 3
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression Ans: Deficiency of
neurotransmitters in brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin.
Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression Ans: A deficiency
of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase Ans: Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters Ans: Neurotransmitters do
not have time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation Ans: HPA system
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large
percentage of people suffering from major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with
decreased levels of - Ans: Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine
these disrupt impulse transmission
neurofibrillary tangles Ans: are a deformation of the structure that carries
nutrients to neurons of the brain.
,2|Page
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated
with Ans: Memory loss
Most common cause of dementia Ans: Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
Characteristics of Alzheimer's Ans: Loss of memory, language , inability to
learn new things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects
social life
Parkinson's Disease is Ans: Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative
known as a shaking palsy
Parkinson's disease is associated with Ans: basal ganglia dysfunction and
atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease Ans: Tremors at rest, rigidity,
bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA Ans: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA Ans: Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling,
displaces brain tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke Ans: Intracerebral and subarachnoid
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Ans: Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage Ans: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused
by trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical
emergency
Ischemic CVA Ans: reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and
irreversible cell death with associated cerebral edema
, 3|Page
3 types of ischemic CVA Ans: thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
Thrombotic Ans: caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of
blood vessel due to localized occlusive process
Embolic Ans: caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant
site to brain
Hypercoaguable state Ans: conditions such as sickle cell disease,
polycythemia causing blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Multiple sclerosis Ans: chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating
disease of the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused
by an immune reaction
Acetylcholine Ans: excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning,
memory- involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Norepinephrine Ans: Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can
depress mood.
Serotonin Ans: inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal-
insufficient linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and
antidepressant drugs raise levels
Dopamine Ans: excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure,
decreased levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression,
excess linked to schizophrenia
GABA Ans: major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors
and insomnia
UTMB ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 Exam 3
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression Ans: Deficiency of
neurotransmitters in brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin.
Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression Ans: A deficiency
of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase Ans: Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters Ans: Neurotransmitters do
not have time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation Ans: HPA system
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large
percentage of people suffering from major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with
decreased levels of - Ans: Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine
these disrupt impulse transmission
neurofibrillary tangles Ans: are a deformation of the structure that carries
nutrients to neurons of the brain.
,2|Page
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated
with Ans: Memory loss
Most common cause of dementia Ans: Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
Characteristics of Alzheimer's Ans: Loss of memory, language , inability to
learn new things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects
social life
Parkinson's Disease is Ans: Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative
known as a shaking palsy
Parkinson's disease is associated with Ans: basal ganglia dysfunction and
atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease Ans: Tremors at rest, rigidity,
bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA Ans: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA Ans: Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling,
displaces brain tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke Ans: Intracerebral and subarachnoid
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Ans: Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage Ans: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused
by trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical
emergency
Ischemic CVA Ans: reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and
irreversible cell death with associated cerebral edema
, 3|Page
3 types of ischemic CVA Ans: thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
Thrombotic Ans: caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of
blood vessel due to localized occlusive process
Embolic Ans: caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant
site to brain
Hypercoaguable state Ans: conditions such as sickle cell disease,
polycythemia causing blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Multiple sclerosis Ans: chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating
disease of the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused
by an immune reaction
Acetylcholine Ans: excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning,
memory- involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Norepinephrine Ans: Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can
depress mood.
Serotonin Ans: inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal-
insufficient linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and
antidepressant drugs raise levels
Dopamine Ans: excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure,
decreased levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression,
excess linked to schizophrenia
GABA Ans: major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors
and insomnia
