1|Page
HUBS 191 progress test 2
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
central nervous system Ans: nervous system consisting of brain and spinal
cord
peripheral nervous system Ans: nervous system consisting of peripheral
nerves
glia Ans: 'glue' provide support for neurons, 5 type, 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
neurons Ans: nerve cells, transmission of information
dendrites Ans: recieve input, send info into cell body
cell body Ans: contains nucleus and organelles
axon Ans: carries electrical impulses, may/may not be myelinated
axon terminals Ans: end terminus of the axon, neuro transmitter release
tract Ans: bundle of axons in the CNS
grey matter Ans: group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex/spinal cord
white matter Ans: bundle of axons in cerebral cortex/spinal cord
ganglion Ans: group of cell bodies in PNS
,2|Page
nerve Ans: bundle of axons in PNS
input zone Ans: dendrites and cell body, receives chemical signals from other
neurons
summation zone Ans: axon hillock, decides to transmit signal or not
conduction zone Ans: axon may be quite long, carry electrical signals between
brain areas to and from spinal cord or to and from peripheral sensory
receptors
output zone Ans: axon terminals, contact input of other neurons, release of
neuro transmitter
multipolar Ans: multiple processes emanate from the cell body, the 'typical'
neuron
bipolar Ans: 2 processes emanate from the cell body (axon and long bridge to
dendrites
unipolar Ans: 1 process emanates from cell body (hangs on side of axon)
anaxonic Ans: no distinct axon, all processes look alike
astrocytes Ans: supply nutrients to neuron, ensheath blood capillaries,
transmit information, CNS
microglia Ans: immune cells of the CNS, engulf micro organisms / debris
ependymal cells Ans: line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord, have
cillia to circulate CSF, CNS
oligodentrocytes Ans: support nerve fibres, ensheath them with myelin, CNS
, 3|Page
schwann cells Ans: support peripheral nerve fibres, ensheath them with
myelin, similar to oligodendrocytes, PNS
myelin sheath Ans: lipid wrapped around axon, increases conduction velocity,
multiple schwann cells in a row form the myelin sheath, gaps between myelin
called nodes of ranivier
Synapse/Synpatic Cleft Ans: neuro transmitter release from one axon
terminals where electrical turns to chemical
afferent Ans: information going into the brain
efferent Ans: information out of brain
flow of information Ans: info comes through receptors, afferent nerves, into
CNS, integration/coordination, motor efferent (somatic or autonomic)
somatic Ans: the stuff we are aware of and have control over
somatic afferent Ans: sensory information of what we are aware of
somatic efferent Ans: voluntary muscle control, 2 neurons between brain and
effector, upper and lower motor neuron
upper motor neuron Ans: cell body in brain, axon in spinal cord
lower motor neuron Ans: cell body in spinal cord, axon in spinal nerve
neuro-muscular junction Ans: Where neuron releases neurotransmitters (ACh)
that depolarize muscle fiber cells -> contraction
autonomic Ans: involuntary control, 3 neurons between brain and effector, 2
divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic
HUBS 191 progress test 2
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
central nervous system Ans: nervous system consisting of brain and spinal
cord
peripheral nervous system Ans: nervous system consisting of peripheral
nerves
glia Ans: 'glue' provide support for neurons, 5 type, 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
neurons Ans: nerve cells, transmission of information
dendrites Ans: recieve input, send info into cell body
cell body Ans: contains nucleus and organelles
axon Ans: carries electrical impulses, may/may not be myelinated
axon terminals Ans: end terminus of the axon, neuro transmitter release
tract Ans: bundle of axons in the CNS
grey matter Ans: group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex/spinal cord
white matter Ans: bundle of axons in cerebral cortex/spinal cord
ganglion Ans: group of cell bodies in PNS
,2|Page
nerve Ans: bundle of axons in PNS
input zone Ans: dendrites and cell body, receives chemical signals from other
neurons
summation zone Ans: axon hillock, decides to transmit signal or not
conduction zone Ans: axon may be quite long, carry electrical signals between
brain areas to and from spinal cord or to and from peripheral sensory
receptors
output zone Ans: axon terminals, contact input of other neurons, release of
neuro transmitter
multipolar Ans: multiple processes emanate from the cell body, the 'typical'
neuron
bipolar Ans: 2 processes emanate from the cell body (axon and long bridge to
dendrites
unipolar Ans: 1 process emanates from cell body (hangs on side of axon)
anaxonic Ans: no distinct axon, all processes look alike
astrocytes Ans: supply nutrients to neuron, ensheath blood capillaries,
transmit information, CNS
microglia Ans: immune cells of the CNS, engulf micro organisms / debris
ependymal cells Ans: line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord, have
cillia to circulate CSF, CNS
oligodentrocytes Ans: support nerve fibres, ensheath them with myelin, CNS
, 3|Page
schwann cells Ans: support peripheral nerve fibres, ensheath them with
myelin, similar to oligodendrocytes, PNS
myelin sheath Ans: lipid wrapped around axon, increases conduction velocity,
multiple schwann cells in a row form the myelin sheath, gaps between myelin
called nodes of ranivier
Synapse/Synpatic Cleft Ans: neuro transmitter release from one axon
terminals where electrical turns to chemical
afferent Ans: information going into the brain
efferent Ans: information out of brain
flow of information Ans: info comes through receptors, afferent nerves, into
CNS, integration/coordination, motor efferent (somatic or autonomic)
somatic Ans: the stuff we are aware of and have control over
somatic afferent Ans: sensory information of what we are aware of
somatic efferent Ans: voluntary muscle control, 2 neurons between brain and
effector, upper and lower motor neuron
upper motor neuron Ans: cell body in brain, axon in spinal cord
lower motor neuron Ans: cell body in spinal cord, axon in spinal nerve
neuro-muscular junction Ans: Where neuron releases neurotransmitters (ACh)
that depolarize muscle fiber cells -> contraction
autonomic Ans: involuntary control, 3 neurons between brain and effector, 2
divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic
