ADN 520 - ICP
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1. 3 Parts of the Intracranial Pressure: - Brain tissue (78%)
- Blood (12%)
- CSF (10%)
2. Normal ICP: - 0-10 (15 is the max upper limit)
- Should be 0 for the average person w/o an injury
3. Measuring ICP: - Measured from lateral ventricles with intraventricular catheter
- Most accurate, but risk of infection. Can pull samples off of too.
4. Compensation in ICP: - First the CSF shifts, then blood, then the tissue
- CSF can be reabsorbed and is constantly changing. Once this is exhausted then blood flow will be changed, then tissue
5. The Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis: Sum of the volume of the brain, blood and CSF within the skull must
remain constant.
- If one component increases, another must decrease in volume
6. Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP): - Ideally 70-100 (Calculate by subtracting ICP from MAP)
- Measures the cerebral blood flow and pressure, is inversely related to the ICP.
- < 50 indicates irreversible neurological damage
- <30 is not compatible with life
7. Normal Factors Influencing ICP: - Arterial pressure: influences MAP, increased AP increased ICP
- Venous Pressure: goes up with ICP
- Intra/abdominal & Thoracic: when it goes up then ICP does too
- Posture: keeping head of bed at 30-45 degrees so body doesn't have to compensate
- Temperature: fever causes vasodilation, shivering increases metabolic demands.
- CO2: increased causes vasodilation increasing ICP
8. Causes of Elevated ICP: - Head injury, brain tumor, hemorrhage, toxic/viral encephalopathy
- Increased ICP causes decreased cerebral perfusion, stimulate more swelling, and shifts brain tissue (herniation)
9. Cerebral Blood Flow: - CO2: increased level causes cerebral vasodilation, increasing blood flow and ICP
- BP will go up to maintain blood flow, will see slow bounding pulses
- Increased H ions = low pH and high CO2.
- Low O2 causes cerebral vasodilation and swelling.
- ABG: respiratory acidosis
10. Manifestations of Increasing ICP: - Earliest: change in LOC
- Restless, drowsy, confusion
- May become stuporous: only react to loud or painful stimuli
1/4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i0rzgg
1. 3 Parts of the Intracranial Pressure: - Brain tissue (78%)
- Blood (12%)
- CSF (10%)
2. Normal ICP: - 0-10 (15 is the max upper limit)
- Should be 0 for the average person w/o an injury
3. Measuring ICP: - Measured from lateral ventricles with intraventricular catheter
- Most accurate, but risk of infection. Can pull samples off of too.
4. Compensation in ICP: - First the CSF shifts, then blood, then the tissue
- CSF can be reabsorbed and is constantly changing. Once this is exhausted then blood flow will be changed, then tissue
5. The Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis: Sum of the volume of the brain, blood and CSF within the skull must
remain constant.
- If one component increases, another must decrease in volume
6. Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP): - Ideally 70-100 (Calculate by subtracting ICP from MAP)
- Measures the cerebral blood flow and pressure, is inversely related to the ICP.
- < 50 indicates irreversible neurological damage
- <30 is not compatible with life
7. Normal Factors Influencing ICP: - Arterial pressure: influences MAP, increased AP increased ICP
- Venous Pressure: goes up with ICP
- Intra/abdominal & Thoracic: when it goes up then ICP does too
- Posture: keeping head of bed at 30-45 degrees so body doesn't have to compensate
- Temperature: fever causes vasodilation, shivering increases metabolic demands.
- CO2: increased causes vasodilation increasing ICP
8. Causes of Elevated ICP: - Head injury, brain tumor, hemorrhage, toxic/viral encephalopathy
- Increased ICP causes decreased cerebral perfusion, stimulate more swelling, and shifts brain tissue (herniation)
9. Cerebral Blood Flow: - CO2: increased level causes cerebral vasodilation, increasing blood flow and ICP
- BP will go up to maintain blood flow, will see slow bounding pulses
- Increased H ions = low pH and high CO2.
- Low O2 causes cerebral vasodilation and swelling.
- ABG: respiratory acidosis
10. Manifestations of Increasing ICP: - Earliest: change in LOC
- Restless, drowsy, confusion
- May become stuporous: only react to loud or painful stimuli
1/4
