NCTI Service Technician Exam with correct detailed ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
solutions
What are three principle characteristics that define an AC waveform? - correct
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answer✔✔The three principle characteristics that define an AC waveform are: (1) ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
frequency; (2) wavelength; and (3) amplitude. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is one of the basic principles of resistance reflected in the familiar practices of
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grounding and bonding? - correct answer✔✔Grounding and bonding practices reflect the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
basic principle that electricity always follows the path of least resistance.
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What comprises the impedance of a coaxial cable or a device (connector, passive, etc.)? -
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correct answer✔✔The impedance comprises the combined effects of a coaxial cable's or a
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device's resistance, inductance, and capacitance. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is a high pass filter? - correct answer✔✔A high-pass filter is a type of bandpass filter
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that passes all frequencies above a specific frequency (e.g., 50 MHz), and eliminates
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common path distortions, impulse noise in the return spectrum, and any other frequencies ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
that fall below that specific frequency.
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What are the differing forward-path transmission bandwidths for traditional tree-and-
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branch and HFC architectures? - correct answer✔✔The feeder system in a traditional tree-
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and-branch architecture supplies the forward signal up to a 50-550 MHz pass band, and the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
distribution system in an HFC network transmits the forward signal up to a 50-1,000 MHz
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pass band.
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Where does the feeder system forward path start and end in a tree-and-branch design? -
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correct answer✔✔A tree-and-branch feeder system forward path starts at the output of the
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bridger amplifier module in the trunk/bridger amplifier station and ends at the tap port of
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an RF tap. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,Where does the distribution system forward path begin and end in an HFC design? -
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correct answer✔✔An HFC distribution system forward path begins at the output of an RF
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amplifier located in the optical node and ends at the tap port of an RF tap. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the purpose of a coaxial express cable in an HFC distribution system? - correct
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answer✔✔A coaxial express cable allows a particular optical node to reach farther out in ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the distribution system.
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How is underground cable manufactured? - correct answer✔✔Underground cable is
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manufactured with a protective outer jacket covering the aluminum sheath and flooding ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
compound between the jacket and the sheath. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
How do frequency and cable size affect the attenuation of a broadband signal? - correct
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answer✔✔The attenuation of a broadband signal increases with higher frequencies and ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
decreases with larger cable size. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the role of splitters and directional couplers in the forward and return paths? -
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correct answer✔✔Splitters and directional couplers divide and route the forward RF signal
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transmission throughout the distribution system, and combine return-path signals arriving
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from separate feeder runs.
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How is AC power transmitted in an RF tap? - correct answer✔✔AC power passes
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bidirectionally through the tap, but is prevented from passing through to the tap ports ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
except by design in power-distributing taps. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the distinction between a line extender amplifier and a distribution amplifier? -
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correct answer✔✔The distinction is a line extender, which has a single output port and a
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distribution amplifier, or minibridger, which has multiple output ports (typically three ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
ports; a through-port and two auxiliary output ports).
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,What are five important components of an amplifier station? - correct answer✔✔Five
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important amplifier station components are: (1) input and output diplex filters that ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
separate and combine the forward and return paths within the amplifier; (2) forward and
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return plug-in pads and equalizers for controlling the input signal levels; (3) an RF
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amplifier module; (4) an integrated or stand-alone DC power supply with DC current ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
fusing; and (5) AC power direction control. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What factors define the extent of a power realm? - correct answer✔✔Cable resistance,
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combined amplifier load requirements, individual amplifier voltage minimums, and limits ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
on AC current define the extent of power realms.
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What are the three main components of a typical standby power supply? - correct
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answer✔✔The three main components of a standby power supply are: (1) a ferroresonant ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
transformer that supplies the output voltage; (2) a set of batteries acting as a backup power ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
source; and (3) an AC inverter that converts the DC battery backup power to a 60 or 90
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VAC output. ||\\|//||
What does a signal level meter (SLM) measure? - correct answer✔✔An SLM measures
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individual analog video and audio, and digital carrier levels. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What does a digital multimeter (DMM) measure? - correct answer✔✔A digital multimeter
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(or VOM) measures AC and DC voltages, resistance for continuity checks, and current.
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What does a time domain reflectometer (TDR) measure? - correct answer✔✔A TDR
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measures the presence of and distance to cable faults. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What does a signal leakage detector measure? - correct answer✔✔A signal leakage
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detector is an RF receiver with an installed input antenna that measures broadband cable
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signals leaking from the system within FCC assigned aeronautical frequency bands.
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, What does a combination SLM/leakage detector measure? - correct answer✔✔A
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combination SLM/leakage detector incorporates the features of both an SLM and a signal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
leakage detector. ||\\|//||
What are measurement applications for using SLMs, DMMs, TDRs, leakage detectors, and
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combination leakage detectors? - correct answer✔✔The measurement applications include: ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(1) balancing amplifier (bridger, distribution, and line extender) output levels (SLM); (2)
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verifying system and amplifier power supply operation (DMM); (3) identifying cut or ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
damaged cable spans (TDR); (4) identifying sources of ingress (signal leakage detector, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
SLM); and (5) monitoring and measuring signal leakage (egress) for system CLI reporting
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(combination SLM/leakage detector). ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the proper troubleshooting technique? - correct answer✔✔Begin at a location
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common to all known outage sites, divide the area of unknown signal status in half, verify ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the signal condition, and repeat (if necessary) until the source of the problem is found.
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How can a distribution system design map aid the troubleshooting process, after gathering
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as much information as possible about the extent of the affected area? - correct
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answer✔✔A system design map is used to analyze system for the device common to the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
customers so far affected before traveling to make additional signal status checks. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What are six sources of outages caused by powering failures? - correct answer✔✔Powering
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failures include: (1) a utility power failure; (2) a tripped utility breaker; (3) spent standby
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battery power; (4) a blown distribution leg fuse; (5) a blown amplifier DC power supply
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fuse; and (6) a cable center conductor suck-out.||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What are three groups of outage causes associated with cut or damaged cables? - correct
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answer✔✔The outage groups are: (1) cables cut by underground digging equipment (a ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
backhoe, a trencher, a post-hole digger, a shovel, etc); (2) aerial cable damaged by lightning ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
or downed power lines; and (3) downed aerial cable due to traffic accidents or severe
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weather.
solutions
What are three principle characteristics that define an AC waveform? - correct
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answer✔✔The three principle characteristics that define an AC waveform are: (1) ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
frequency; (2) wavelength; and (3) amplitude. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is one of the basic principles of resistance reflected in the familiar practices of
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grounding and bonding? - correct answer✔✔Grounding and bonding practices reflect the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
basic principle that electricity always follows the path of least resistance.
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What comprises the impedance of a coaxial cable or a device (connector, passive, etc.)? -
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correct answer✔✔The impedance comprises the combined effects of a coaxial cable's or a
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device's resistance, inductance, and capacitance. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is a high pass filter? - correct answer✔✔A high-pass filter is a type of bandpass filter
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that passes all frequencies above a specific frequency (e.g., 50 MHz), and eliminates
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common path distortions, impulse noise in the return spectrum, and any other frequencies ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
that fall below that specific frequency.
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What are the differing forward-path transmission bandwidths for traditional tree-and-
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branch and HFC architectures? - correct answer✔✔The feeder system in a traditional tree-
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and-branch architecture supplies the forward signal up to a 50-550 MHz pass band, and the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
distribution system in an HFC network transmits the forward signal up to a 50-1,000 MHz
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pass band.
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Where does the feeder system forward path start and end in a tree-and-branch design? -
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correct answer✔✔A tree-and-branch feeder system forward path starts at the output of the
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bridger amplifier module in the trunk/bridger amplifier station and ends at the tap port of
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an RF tap. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,Where does the distribution system forward path begin and end in an HFC design? -
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correct answer✔✔An HFC distribution system forward path begins at the output of an RF
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amplifier located in the optical node and ends at the tap port of an RF tap. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the purpose of a coaxial express cable in an HFC distribution system? - correct
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answer✔✔A coaxial express cable allows a particular optical node to reach farther out in ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the distribution system.
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How is underground cable manufactured? - correct answer✔✔Underground cable is
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manufactured with a protective outer jacket covering the aluminum sheath and flooding ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
compound between the jacket and the sheath. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
How do frequency and cable size affect the attenuation of a broadband signal? - correct
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answer✔✔The attenuation of a broadband signal increases with higher frequencies and ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
decreases with larger cable size. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the role of splitters and directional couplers in the forward and return paths? -
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correct answer✔✔Splitters and directional couplers divide and route the forward RF signal
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transmission throughout the distribution system, and combine return-path signals arriving
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from separate feeder runs.
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How is AC power transmitted in an RF tap? - correct answer✔✔AC power passes
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bidirectionally through the tap, but is prevented from passing through to the tap ports ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
except by design in power-distributing taps. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the distinction between a line extender amplifier and a distribution amplifier? -
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correct answer✔✔The distinction is a line extender, which has a single output port and a
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distribution amplifier, or minibridger, which has multiple output ports (typically three ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
ports; a through-port and two auxiliary output ports).
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,What are five important components of an amplifier station? - correct answer✔✔Five
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important amplifier station components are: (1) input and output diplex filters that ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
separate and combine the forward and return paths within the amplifier; (2) forward and
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return plug-in pads and equalizers for controlling the input signal levels; (3) an RF
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amplifier module; (4) an integrated or stand-alone DC power supply with DC current ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
fusing; and (5) AC power direction control. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What factors define the extent of a power realm? - correct answer✔✔Cable resistance,
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combined amplifier load requirements, individual amplifier voltage minimums, and limits ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
on AC current define the extent of power realms.
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What are the three main components of a typical standby power supply? - correct
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answer✔✔The three main components of a standby power supply are: (1) a ferroresonant ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
transformer that supplies the output voltage; (2) a set of batteries acting as a backup power ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
source; and (3) an AC inverter that converts the DC battery backup power to a 60 or 90
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VAC output. ||\\|//||
What does a signal level meter (SLM) measure? - correct answer✔✔An SLM measures
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individual analog video and audio, and digital carrier levels. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What does a digital multimeter (DMM) measure? - correct answer✔✔A digital multimeter
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(or VOM) measures AC and DC voltages, resistance for continuity checks, and current.
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What does a time domain reflectometer (TDR) measure? - correct answer✔✔A TDR
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measures the presence of and distance to cable faults. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What does a signal leakage detector measure? - correct answer✔✔A signal leakage
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detector is an RF receiver with an installed input antenna that measures broadband cable
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signals leaking from the system within FCC assigned aeronautical frequency bands.
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, What does a combination SLM/leakage detector measure? - correct answer✔✔A
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combination SLM/leakage detector incorporates the features of both an SLM and a signal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
leakage detector. ||\\|//||
What are measurement applications for using SLMs, DMMs, TDRs, leakage detectors, and
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combination leakage detectors? - correct answer✔✔The measurement applications include: ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(1) balancing amplifier (bridger, distribution, and line extender) output levels (SLM); (2)
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verifying system and amplifier power supply operation (DMM); (3) identifying cut or ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
damaged cable spans (TDR); (4) identifying sources of ingress (signal leakage detector, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
SLM); and (5) monitoring and measuring signal leakage (egress) for system CLI reporting
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(combination SLM/leakage detector). ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the proper troubleshooting technique? - correct answer✔✔Begin at a location
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common to all known outage sites, divide the area of unknown signal status in half, verify ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the signal condition, and repeat (if necessary) until the source of the problem is found.
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How can a distribution system design map aid the troubleshooting process, after gathering
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as much information as possible about the extent of the affected area? - correct
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answer✔✔A system design map is used to analyze system for the device common to the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
customers so far affected before traveling to make additional signal status checks. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What are six sources of outages caused by powering failures? - correct answer✔✔Powering
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failures include: (1) a utility power failure; (2) a tripped utility breaker; (3) spent standby
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battery power; (4) a blown distribution leg fuse; (5) a blown amplifier DC power supply
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fuse; and (6) a cable center conductor suck-out.||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What are three groups of outage causes associated with cut or damaged cables? - correct
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answer✔✔The outage groups are: (1) cables cut by underground digging equipment (a ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
backhoe, a trencher, a post-hole digger, a shovel, etc); (2) aerial cable damaged by lightning ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
or downed power lines; and (3) downed aerial cable due to traffic accidents or severe
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weather.
