Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
Anatomy and Physiology Comprehensive Examination latest
2025/2026
Full Exam – 120 Questions with Answers and Rationales
Exam Structure:
Section A: 80 Multiple Choice Questions
Section B: 20 Short Answer Questions
Section C: 20 Case Study Questions
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (80 Items)
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification in the human body?
A. Kidney
B. Spleen
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
Answer: C. Liver
Rationale: The liver detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes drugs.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Neuron
D. Tubule
Answer: A. Nephron
Rationale: Each kidney contains about one million nephrons responsible for filtration and urine
formation.
3. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
,A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Answer: D. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aorta to the systemic
circulation.
4. The trachea divides into two bronchi at which vertebral level?
A. T1
B. T4–T5
C. C7
D. T10
Answer: B. T4–T5
Rationale: The trachea bifurcates at the carina, around the level of the T4–T5 vertebrae.
5. Which type of joint allows the widest range of movement?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Ball-and-socket joint
D. Saddle joint
Answer: C. Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Found in the shoulder and hip, allowing movement in all directions.
6. What is the largest organ in the human body?
A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Brain
D. Heart
Answer: B. Skin
Rationale: The skin covers the entire body and serves as a protective barrier.
7. The smallest structural and functional unit of life is the:
, A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Atom
Answer: C. Cell
Rationale: Cells are the basic units of all living organisms.
8. The process by which white blood cells engulf bacteria is called:
A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C. Diffusion
D. Osmosis
Answer: B. Phagocytosis
Rationale: Phagocytosis is a defense mechanism of immune cells against pathogens.
9. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroxine
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Adrenaline
Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: It increases calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and calcium absorption.
10. The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance is the:
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum fine-tunes voluntary movements and maintains balance.
11. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Defend against infection
B. Transport oxygen
Anatomy and Physiology Comprehensive Examination latest
2025/2026
Full Exam – 120 Questions with Answers and Rationales
Exam Structure:
Section A: 80 Multiple Choice Questions
Section B: 20 Short Answer Questions
Section C: 20 Case Study Questions
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (80 Items)
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification in the human body?
A. Kidney
B. Spleen
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
Answer: C. Liver
Rationale: The liver detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes drugs.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Neuron
D. Tubule
Answer: A. Nephron
Rationale: Each kidney contains about one million nephrons responsible for filtration and urine
formation.
3. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
,A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Answer: D. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aorta to the systemic
circulation.
4. The trachea divides into two bronchi at which vertebral level?
A. T1
B. T4–T5
C. C7
D. T10
Answer: B. T4–T5
Rationale: The trachea bifurcates at the carina, around the level of the T4–T5 vertebrae.
5. Which type of joint allows the widest range of movement?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Ball-and-socket joint
D. Saddle joint
Answer: C. Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Found in the shoulder and hip, allowing movement in all directions.
6. What is the largest organ in the human body?
A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Brain
D. Heart
Answer: B. Skin
Rationale: The skin covers the entire body and serves as a protective barrier.
7. The smallest structural and functional unit of life is the:
, A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Atom
Answer: C. Cell
Rationale: Cells are the basic units of all living organisms.
8. The process by which white blood cells engulf bacteria is called:
A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C. Diffusion
D. Osmosis
Answer: B. Phagocytosis
Rationale: Phagocytosis is a defense mechanism of immune cells against pathogens.
9. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroxine
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Adrenaline
Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: It increases calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and calcium absorption.
10. The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance is the:
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum fine-tunes voluntary movements and maintains balance.
11. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Defend against infection
B. Transport oxygen
