KNS 200 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Motor behavior - answer -understand how motor skills are learned, controlled, and how
they change over lifespan
Basic goals of motor behavior - answer -skill development, control, change over time
Motor behavior professions - answer -teaching: college, university
Research: hospitals, military
Motor learning - answer -aquisition of skilled movements as a result of practice
Motor control - answer -neural, physical, behavioral aspects of movement
Includes "automatic" skills/movements
Is essential for movement
Motor development - answer -developmental view of motor learning and motor control
across a lifespan
Why use motor behavior? - answer -1. Develop "expert performers"
2. Teach, reach elite levels of performance, safety
3. Understand the process of skill development, control, and change over time
4. Explain response selection and response execution
Measuring movements examples - answer --reaction time
-% of success (number of successful trials/number of attempts) x 100
-quantification of movement kinematics
Assessing movement task characteristics - answer --continuous vs. Discrete
-open vs. Closed
Open - answer -different every time
Closed - answer -the same
Learning is the _____ ____ ______ and is determined by _____ and ______. - answer
-goal of practice, retention, transfer
Retention - answer -degree to which aspects of a skill can be performed after time
without practice
Transfer - answer -degree to which practice on a skill improves performance of a
different skill (different but related)
, Novel tasks - answer -a task that is unknown and has never been attempted by a
participant
Things that matter when studying expert performers - answer -skill, decision making,
game performance
"information processing" model - answer -brain is a computer, the spin is wires, and the
muscles appear on the screen
Motor learning principles - answer -principle 1: correct practice improves performance
and supports learning
Principle 2: augmented feedback enhances practice and thereby learning
Cognitive demands are _______ initially, but will become more ______ or ________. -
answer -high, automatic or pre-programmed
Performance is _______ term. Learning is ______ term. - answer -short, long
Before practice - answer -goal setting, instructions, modeling, and mental practice
During practice - answer -scheduling practice and context of practice
Number of tasks and order of presentation
Feedback is a ______ part of practice - answer -integral
Intrinsic feedback - answer -internal feedback received during and after the execution
of a task
Extrinsic feedback - answer -received from outside of the performer, eg from a coach.
Does more feedback = better performance? - answer -not necessarily, the feedback
needs to be constructive
Acquiring knowledge of results or performance is not easily obtained by the performer
and needs - answer -expert feedback
Motor control principles - answer -principle 3: the brain uses the central nervous system
to initiate and control the muscles that make the desired movements.
Principle 4: movements should rely on the decision-making centers in the brain as little
as possible once the movement is initiated.
Schemata - answer -groups of movements with similar characteristics stored
Motor programs must determine - answer -contraction forces, timing and sequencing of
contraction, and the duration of contraction
Motor behavior - answer -understand how motor skills are learned, controlled, and how
they change over lifespan
Basic goals of motor behavior - answer -skill development, control, change over time
Motor behavior professions - answer -teaching: college, university
Research: hospitals, military
Motor learning - answer -aquisition of skilled movements as a result of practice
Motor control - answer -neural, physical, behavioral aspects of movement
Includes "automatic" skills/movements
Is essential for movement
Motor development - answer -developmental view of motor learning and motor control
across a lifespan
Why use motor behavior? - answer -1. Develop "expert performers"
2. Teach, reach elite levels of performance, safety
3. Understand the process of skill development, control, and change over time
4. Explain response selection and response execution
Measuring movements examples - answer --reaction time
-% of success (number of successful trials/number of attempts) x 100
-quantification of movement kinematics
Assessing movement task characteristics - answer --continuous vs. Discrete
-open vs. Closed
Open - answer -different every time
Closed - answer -the same
Learning is the _____ ____ ______ and is determined by _____ and ______. - answer
-goal of practice, retention, transfer
Retention - answer -degree to which aspects of a skill can be performed after time
without practice
Transfer - answer -degree to which practice on a skill improves performance of a
different skill (different but related)
, Novel tasks - answer -a task that is unknown and has never been attempted by a
participant
Things that matter when studying expert performers - answer -skill, decision making,
game performance
"information processing" model - answer -brain is a computer, the spin is wires, and the
muscles appear on the screen
Motor learning principles - answer -principle 1: correct practice improves performance
and supports learning
Principle 2: augmented feedback enhances practice and thereby learning
Cognitive demands are _______ initially, but will become more ______ or ________. -
answer -high, automatic or pre-programmed
Performance is _______ term. Learning is ______ term. - answer -short, long
Before practice - answer -goal setting, instructions, modeling, and mental practice
During practice - answer -scheduling practice and context of practice
Number of tasks and order of presentation
Feedback is a ______ part of practice - answer -integral
Intrinsic feedback - answer -internal feedback received during and after the execution
of a task
Extrinsic feedback - answer -received from outside of the performer, eg from a coach.
Does more feedback = better performance? - answer -not necessarily, the feedback
needs to be constructive
Acquiring knowledge of results or performance is not easily obtained by the performer
and needs - answer -expert feedback
Motor control principles - answer -principle 3: the brain uses the central nervous system
to initiate and control the muscles that make the desired movements.
Principle 4: movements should rely on the decision-making centers in the brain as little
as possible once the movement is initiated.
Schemata - answer -groups of movements with similar characteristics stored
Motor programs must determine - answer -contraction forces, timing and sequencing of
contraction, and the duration of contraction
