GEOG 1113: Final Exam Questions
and All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Flooding - Answer It refers to the overflow of water onto land that is normally dry
How does flood rank among other hazards in term of cost for the United States? - Answer On
average, floods cost the American economy approximately 2.4 billion dollars per year.
How many flooding disasters have been declared for Georgia between 1953 and 2020? - Answer
Since 1953, 9 flood disaster declarations have been declared for GA.
Hydrology - Answer It is the science of water and its global circulation, distribution, and
properties at and below Earth's surface. "fluvial" = river
Stream velocity - Answer The speed at which water moves through a channel at a given point.
Discharge - Answer The volume of water passing a given point in a river per unit of time.
Stage - Answer The gauged height of the water level in a river.
River Reach - Answer Any predefined stretch along a river.
Tributary - Answer Any branch of a river.
Stream Gradient - Answer The slope of a river between two defined points.
Stream width - Answer The horizontal distance from bank to bank.
Stream depth - Answer The vertical distance between water surface and stream bed.
Drainage divide - Answer The boundary that separates runoff from one stream to another
,Stream order - Answer An numerical system used to rank stream size based on the # of
tributaries flowing into a stream.
First-order streams - Answer Smallest streams, no tributaries, in the headwaters of a drainage
basin
Second-order streams - Answer formed at the merging point of 2 first-order streams
Third-order streams - Answer 80% of streams (Mississippi river is 10th order and Amazon river
is 12th order)
Dendritic drainage - Answer the pattern of the streams resembles the branches of a tree. It is
similar to that of many natural systems, such as the capillaries in the human circulatory system,
or the vein patterns in leaves.
Deranged drainage - Answer provides no clear geometry in the drainage and no true stream
valley pattern. This type of drainage pattern forms on a surface that was covered by covered ice
sheets which erodes away the landscape and leaves behind many lakes and disorganized rivers
connecting from the lakes. These patterns are commonly found in regions of Canada, northern
Europe, parts of Michigan and other states.
Radial drainage - Answer results when streams flow from a central peak or dome. This type of
drainage typically occurs on the flanks of volcanoes or conical mountains. The outflow of the
streams moves away in a radiate pattern from the central point.
Rectangular drainage - Answer is formed by a faulted and jointed landscape, which directs
stream courses in patterns of right-angle turns.
Trellis drainage - Answer is characteristic of dipping or folded topography which resembles a
"garden trellis". The drainage pattern is influenced by rock structures of variable resistance and
folded strata. Parallel folded structures direct the principal streams whereas smaller dendritic
tributary streams are at work on nearby slopes, joining the main streams at right angles. This
type of drainage pattern exists in the nearly parallel mountain folds of the ridge and valley
province in the eastern United States.
Centripetal drainage - Answer occurs within in an internal drainage basin. The streams flow
, Meandering river - Answer river with a sharp bend or curve (significant erosion and deposition
processes create ever changing river landscape)
Straight river - Answer very rare, usually controlled by a linear zone of weakness in the
underlying rock, like a fault or joint system.
Braided river - Answer Steep gradients, abundant supply of sediment, and variable flows,
numerous channels, occurs in environments with large amounts of sediments.
Anastomosing river - Answer similar to braided rivers, consist of a network of low-gradient,
narrow, deep channels with stable banks, dense vegetation
Riverine - Answer weather systems, snowmelt
Dam & Levee failure - Answer poor construction, lack of maintenance
Flash floods - Answer intense rainfall leads to rapid flooding, in urban or arid areas
Coastal flooding - Answer storm surge from hurricanes, tsunami
Riverine flooding - Answer caused by high or overflowing water from a river, occur seasonally
Natural influences on floods - Answer Topography, soil texture, vegetation, season, amount of
precipitation
Topography - Answer slope steepness, slope length, slope orientation
Soil texture - Answer particle size, organic content, porosity
Vegetation - Answer water absorption, flow friction, decreases erosion
Human influences on floods - Answer Urbanization, agriculture, forestry, flood control
and All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Flooding - Answer It refers to the overflow of water onto land that is normally dry
How does flood rank among other hazards in term of cost for the United States? - Answer On
average, floods cost the American economy approximately 2.4 billion dollars per year.
How many flooding disasters have been declared for Georgia between 1953 and 2020? - Answer
Since 1953, 9 flood disaster declarations have been declared for GA.
Hydrology - Answer It is the science of water and its global circulation, distribution, and
properties at and below Earth's surface. "fluvial" = river
Stream velocity - Answer The speed at which water moves through a channel at a given point.
Discharge - Answer The volume of water passing a given point in a river per unit of time.
Stage - Answer The gauged height of the water level in a river.
River Reach - Answer Any predefined stretch along a river.
Tributary - Answer Any branch of a river.
Stream Gradient - Answer The slope of a river between two defined points.
Stream width - Answer The horizontal distance from bank to bank.
Stream depth - Answer The vertical distance between water surface and stream bed.
Drainage divide - Answer The boundary that separates runoff from one stream to another
,Stream order - Answer An numerical system used to rank stream size based on the # of
tributaries flowing into a stream.
First-order streams - Answer Smallest streams, no tributaries, in the headwaters of a drainage
basin
Second-order streams - Answer formed at the merging point of 2 first-order streams
Third-order streams - Answer 80% of streams (Mississippi river is 10th order and Amazon river
is 12th order)
Dendritic drainage - Answer the pattern of the streams resembles the branches of a tree. It is
similar to that of many natural systems, such as the capillaries in the human circulatory system,
or the vein patterns in leaves.
Deranged drainage - Answer provides no clear geometry in the drainage and no true stream
valley pattern. This type of drainage pattern forms on a surface that was covered by covered ice
sheets which erodes away the landscape and leaves behind many lakes and disorganized rivers
connecting from the lakes. These patterns are commonly found in regions of Canada, northern
Europe, parts of Michigan and other states.
Radial drainage - Answer results when streams flow from a central peak or dome. This type of
drainage typically occurs on the flanks of volcanoes or conical mountains. The outflow of the
streams moves away in a radiate pattern from the central point.
Rectangular drainage - Answer is formed by a faulted and jointed landscape, which directs
stream courses in patterns of right-angle turns.
Trellis drainage - Answer is characteristic of dipping or folded topography which resembles a
"garden trellis". The drainage pattern is influenced by rock structures of variable resistance and
folded strata. Parallel folded structures direct the principal streams whereas smaller dendritic
tributary streams are at work on nearby slopes, joining the main streams at right angles. This
type of drainage pattern exists in the nearly parallel mountain folds of the ridge and valley
province in the eastern United States.
Centripetal drainage - Answer occurs within in an internal drainage basin. The streams flow
, Meandering river - Answer river with a sharp bend or curve (significant erosion and deposition
processes create ever changing river landscape)
Straight river - Answer very rare, usually controlled by a linear zone of weakness in the
underlying rock, like a fault or joint system.
Braided river - Answer Steep gradients, abundant supply of sediment, and variable flows,
numerous channels, occurs in environments with large amounts of sediments.
Anastomosing river - Answer similar to braided rivers, consist of a network of low-gradient,
narrow, deep channels with stable banks, dense vegetation
Riverine - Answer weather systems, snowmelt
Dam & Levee failure - Answer poor construction, lack of maintenance
Flash floods - Answer intense rainfall leads to rapid flooding, in urban or arid areas
Coastal flooding - Answer storm surge from hurricanes, tsunami
Riverine flooding - Answer caused by high or overflowing water from a river, occur seasonally
Natural influences on floods - Answer Topography, soil texture, vegetation, season, amount of
precipitation
Topography - Answer slope steepness, slope length, slope orientation
Soil texture - Answer particle size, organic content, porosity
Vegetation - Answer water absorption, flow friction, decreases erosion
Human influences on floods - Answer Urbanization, agriculture, forestry, flood control
