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IVCA exam Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Graded A+
Sheer Forces Ans: What type of forces are present on the animal spine?
Motion Unit Ans: Two adjacent articulating surfaces and all the tissues
between them
Paraphysiological space Ans: Where the chiropractor performs the adjustment
Elastic Barrier Ans: the area known as taking motion to tension, where motion
is assessed, VSC is diagnosed, and where adjustment is performed
Normal range of motion Ans: chiropractic diagnoses and adjustments are
performed within
Set and Hold Ans: When adjusting animals
Thenar
Pisiform
Heel of Hand Ans: Three parts of the hand that are used for adjusting large
animals
Episternal notch Ans: Two handed adjustments LOC come from the
Elbow Ans: Singled handed adjustments LOC come from
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1) Body/Corpus
2) Pedicles (2)
3) Laminae Ans: Bony borders of the spinal canal
Mobility Ans: The canine transverse process is curved for more
Weight bearing Ans: The equine transverse process is straight for more
Keep Normal Range of Motion Ans: Primary job of ligaments
This portion of the disc provides stability, has outer pain fibers, less water
content, and is fibrous in textures Ans: Annulus Fibrosis
The portion of the disc is mostly water, has no nerve or blood supply, acts like
ball bearing to absorb shock, and is gelatinous in texture Ans: nucleus
pulposes
How does the disc get nutrition, specifically in the nucleus pulposes? Ans:
Imbibition
What is the spinal cord length in the equine? Ans: Foramen Magnum to L3
What is the spinal cord length in canine? Ans: Foramen Magnum to L5/L6
What is the spinal cord length in feline? Ans: Foramen Magnum to sacrum
This joint only exists in equines and rhinos. It provides more stability and
motion. Ans: Intertransverse Joint
What movement does the intertransverse joint allow? Ans: Flexion and
Extension
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What movement does the intertransverse joint limit? Ans: lateral flexion
What are the soft borders of the IVF? Ans: 1) ligamentum flavum
2) joint capsule
3) Disc
What are the bony borders of IVF? Ans: 1) Pedicles
2) Vertebral Notches
What areas in the spine do not allow for coupled motion? Ans: Occiput
C1
C2
What is the primary pivot point in the pelvis? Ans: pubic symphysis
What segment is located in between the tuber sacrales in the equine spine?
Ans: S1
What is the first palpable sacral segment of the equine? Ans: S2
What is the first palpable sacral segment of canine spine? Ans: S1
What are three anatomical variations that allow for more flexion at the
lumbosacral junction? Ans: 1) Lack of supraspinous ligament
2) Last Lumbar dorsal SP is shorter
3) lumbar sp's face caudal to cranial and sacral tubercles face cranial to caudal
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What is the true knee of the horse? Ans: Stifle
The sacrotuberous ligament is also called Ans: Sacrosciatic ligament
The sacroiliac joint is what type of joint? Ans: Diarthrodial joint
The dorsal portion of the SI joint is Ans: synovial
The ventral portion of the SI joint is Ans: fibrous
What motion does the SI joint create? Ans: Figure 8
The lumbosacral motion unit of the equine consists of Ans: 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
2 Intertransverse joints
5 Total articulating joints
The lumbosacral motion unit of the canine consists of Ans: 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
3 total articulating joints
What is the most common pelvic fracture? Ans: Iliac
80% of stabilization of a joint is achieved by Ans: muscles
IVCA exam Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Graded A+
Sheer Forces Ans: What type of forces are present on the animal spine?
Motion Unit Ans: Two adjacent articulating surfaces and all the tissues
between them
Paraphysiological space Ans: Where the chiropractor performs the adjustment
Elastic Barrier Ans: the area known as taking motion to tension, where motion
is assessed, VSC is diagnosed, and where adjustment is performed
Normal range of motion Ans: chiropractic diagnoses and adjustments are
performed within
Set and Hold Ans: When adjusting animals
Thenar
Pisiform
Heel of Hand Ans: Three parts of the hand that are used for adjusting large
animals
Episternal notch Ans: Two handed adjustments LOC come from the
Elbow Ans: Singled handed adjustments LOC come from
,2|Page
1) Body/Corpus
2) Pedicles (2)
3) Laminae Ans: Bony borders of the spinal canal
Mobility Ans: The canine transverse process is curved for more
Weight bearing Ans: The equine transverse process is straight for more
Keep Normal Range of Motion Ans: Primary job of ligaments
This portion of the disc provides stability, has outer pain fibers, less water
content, and is fibrous in textures Ans: Annulus Fibrosis
The portion of the disc is mostly water, has no nerve or blood supply, acts like
ball bearing to absorb shock, and is gelatinous in texture Ans: nucleus
pulposes
How does the disc get nutrition, specifically in the nucleus pulposes? Ans:
Imbibition
What is the spinal cord length in the equine? Ans: Foramen Magnum to L3
What is the spinal cord length in canine? Ans: Foramen Magnum to L5/L6
What is the spinal cord length in feline? Ans: Foramen Magnum to sacrum
This joint only exists in equines and rhinos. It provides more stability and
motion. Ans: Intertransverse Joint
What movement does the intertransverse joint allow? Ans: Flexion and
Extension
,3|Page
What movement does the intertransverse joint limit? Ans: lateral flexion
What are the soft borders of the IVF? Ans: 1) ligamentum flavum
2) joint capsule
3) Disc
What are the bony borders of IVF? Ans: 1) Pedicles
2) Vertebral Notches
What areas in the spine do not allow for coupled motion? Ans: Occiput
C1
C2
What is the primary pivot point in the pelvis? Ans: pubic symphysis
What segment is located in between the tuber sacrales in the equine spine?
Ans: S1
What is the first palpable sacral segment of the equine? Ans: S2
What is the first palpable sacral segment of canine spine? Ans: S1
What are three anatomical variations that allow for more flexion at the
lumbosacral junction? Ans: 1) Lack of supraspinous ligament
2) Last Lumbar dorsal SP is shorter
3) lumbar sp's face caudal to cranial and sacral tubercles face cranial to caudal
, 4|Page
What is the true knee of the horse? Ans: Stifle
The sacrotuberous ligament is also called Ans: Sacrosciatic ligament
The sacroiliac joint is what type of joint? Ans: Diarthrodial joint
The dorsal portion of the SI joint is Ans: synovial
The ventral portion of the SI joint is Ans: fibrous
What motion does the SI joint create? Ans: Figure 8
The lumbosacral motion unit of the equine consists of Ans: 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
2 Intertransverse joints
5 Total articulating joints
The lumbosacral motion unit of the canine consists of Ans: 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
3 total articulating joints
What is the most common pelvic fracture? Ans: Iliac
80% of stabilization of a joint is achieved by Ans: muscles
