Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections by Benjamin A. Pierce.

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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
Benjamin A. Pierce




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,TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction .......................................................................................... 15
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................. 59
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................. 98
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ................................................................................................ 139
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene .......................................................................................... 152
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination .............................................................................................. 181
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ........................................................... 198
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................. 224
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................. 244
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ............................................................ 278
Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology .............................................................................. 298
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................ 314
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................. 366




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,ChapterA01:AIntroductionAtoAGenetics
1. AlbinismAisArareAinAmostAhumanApopulations,AoccurringAatAaAfrequencyAofAaboutA1AinA20,000Apeople.AHoweve
r,AtheAtraitAoccursAatAaAfrequencyAofA1AinA200AinAcertainAHopiAvillagesAofABlackAMesaAinAArizona.AExplainAinAter
msAofAnaturalAselectionAwhyAalbinismAisAsoArareAinAmostAhumanApopulations.
ANSWER:AInAmostApopulations,AthereAisAfairlyAstrongAselectionAagainstAalbinismAbecauseAalbinosAdon’tAproduceA
melanin,AcausingAtheirAskinAcellsAnotAtoAbeAprotectedAfromAtheAdamagingAeffectsAofAsunlight.AAlso,At
heAlackAofAmelaninAinAtheirAeyesAcausesAthemAtoAhaveApoorAeyesight.AFinally,AinAmostAculturesAalbin
osAareAseenAasAabnormal,AandAtheyAareAnotAnormallyAsoughtAoutAforAmarriageAandAmating.ATherefore,
AinAmostApopulationsAtheAallelesAthatAcauseAalbinismAareAselectedAagainst,AandAtheyAdecreaseAinAfrequ

encyAorAareAkeptAatAaAlowAlevel,AcausingAtheArecessiveAtraitAtoAbeArare.

2. AlbinismAisArareAinAmostAhumanApopulations,AoccurringAatAaAfrequencyAofAaboutA1AinA20,000Apeople.AHoweve
r,AtheAtraitAoccursAatAaAfrequencyAofA1AinA200AinAcertainAHopiAvillagesAofABlackAMesaAinAArizona.AExplainAinAter
msAofAnaturalAselectionAwhyAtheAtraitAisAsoAmuchAmoreAcommonAamongAtheAHopisAofABlackAMesa.
ANSWER:AAlbinosAoccupyAaAprivilegedApositionAamongAtheAHopisAofABlackAMesa.AInAthisAculture,AalbinosAa
reAviewedAasAespeciallyApretty,Aclean,AandAintelligent,AandAtheyAoftenAoccupyApositionsAofAleaders
hip.AAlbinosAareAcelebratedAinAtheAvillagesAasAaAsignAofApurityAofAHopiAbloodAinAtheAcommunity.
Furthermore,AalbinosAareAoftenAexcusedAfromAnormalAmaleAfieldAlaborAbecauseAofAtheirAsensitivityAto
Asunlight,AcausingAthemAtoAbeAleftAbehindAinAtheAvillageAwithAtheAwomenAduringAtheAdaytime.AThisAa

llowsAthemAextraAmatingAopportunitiesAcomparedAtoAtheAotherAmenAofAtheAvillage.ATherefore,AtheAall
elesAthatAcauseAalbinismAareAeitherAselectedAforAinAthisAcultureAorAatAleastAnotAselectedAagainstAasAstro
nglyAasAinAotherAcultures,AallowingAtheAtraitAtoAoccurAatAaAmuchAhigherAfrequency.

3. WhichAoneAofAtheAfollowingApairingsAbetweenAtheAsubdisciplineAofAgeneticsAandAtheAphenomenonA
isAINCORRECT?
a. evolution—populationAgenetics
b. geneAregulation—molecularAgenetics
c. allelicAfrequencyAalteration—populationAgenetics
d. arrangementAofAgenesAonAchromosome—transmissionAgenetics
e. chemicalAnatureAofAtheAgene—transmissionAgenetics
ANSWER:Ae

4. WhichAoneAofAtheAfollowingAtopicsAofAresearchAbelongsAtoAtheAdisciplineAofAtransmissionAgenetics?
a. inheritanceApatternAofAgeneAalleles
b. mechanismAofADNAAreplication
c. geneAexpressionApatterns
d. evolution
e. chemicalAmodificationAofAnucleicAacids
ANSWER:Aa

5. TheAcompleteAgeneticAmakeupAofAanAorganismAisAreferredAtoAasAits
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.


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, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER:Ad

6. IdentifyAaATRUEAstatementAfromAtheAfollowingAdescriptionsAconcerningAgenetics.
a. TheAtheoryAofApangenesisAstatesAthatAallAlivingAorganismsAareAcomposedAofAcells.
b. BacteriaAandAvirusesAareAnotAusefulAinAstudyingAgenesAandAinheritanceAbecauseAtheyAareAstructural
lyAandAmetabolicallyAdifferentAfromAeukaryoticAcells.
c. CharlesADarwinAaccuratelyAdescribedAtheAlawsAofAinheritanceAinAhisAlandmarkAbook,AOnAtheAOriginA
ofASpecies.
d. ManyAhumanAtraits,AsuchAasAskinAandAhairAcolor,AareAdeterminedAbyAmoreAthanAaAsingleAgene.
e. EvolutionAcanAoccurAwithoutAgeneticAchangesAinAtheApopulation.
ANSWER:Ad

7. IdentifyAaAFALSEAstatementAfromAtheAfollowingAdescriptionsAofAgenetics.
a. HumansAfirstAappliedAgeneticsAtoAtheAdomesticationAofAplantsAandAanimalsAbetweenAapproximatel
yA10,000AandA12,000AyearsAago.
b. SomeAvirusesAuseARNAAtoAcarryAtheirAgeneticAinformation.
c. AlbinismAresultsAfromAaAmutationAinAtheAgenesAthatAcontrolAtheAsynthesisAandAstorageAofAmelanin.
d. AllAhumanAtraitsAthatAdisplayAblendingAinheritanceAareAaffectedAbyAaAsingleAgene.
e. TheAprocessAbyAwhichAgeneticAinformationAisAcopiedAandAdecodedAisAsimilarAforAallAformsAofAlife.
ANSWER:Ad

8. WhichAofAtheAfollowingAspeciesAisAconsideredAaAmodelAgeneticAorganism?
a. theAplantALinariaAvulgaris
b. theAdeerAmouseAPeromyscusAmaniculatus
c. theAwormACaenorhabditisAelegans
d. theAfrogAHylaAchrysoscelis
e. theAchimpanzeeAPanAtroglodytes
AANSWER:Ac




9. WhichAofAtheAfollowingAwouldAserveAtheALEASTAwellAasAaAmodelAforAunderstandingAbasicAmechanismsA
ofAinheritance?
a. fruitAflies
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER:Ab

10. WhichAofAtheAfollowingAstatementsAisATRUE?
a. EachAsubdisciplineAofAgeneticsAisAveryAspecificAasAtoAwhatAisAexploredAandAdoesAnotAoverlapAwithAthe



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