EDUC 1301 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Define the word philosophy. - Answer -The study of the fundamental nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic
discipline
List and define the four branches of philosophical study. - Answer -Metaphysics is the
branch of philosophy that considers the physical universe and the nature of ultimate
reality. It asks questions like, What is real?
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that considers how people come to learn what
they know. Derived from the Greek word episteme, meaning knowledge or
understanding, epistemology refers to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth.
Axiology is the branch of philosophy that considers the study of principles and values.
These values are divided into two main kinds: ethics and aesthetics.
Logic is the branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning. Students of logic
learn how to think in a structurally sound manner.
Compare and contrast inductive and deductive reasoning. - Answer -Inductive
reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a body of observations is synthesized to
come up with a general principle. It consists of making broad generalizations based on
specific observations. Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, is the process of
reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logical conclusion. It
consists of drawing particular conclusions from a general premise
List and describe the characteristics of the four educational philosophies described in
your text. Be able to recognize examples of each (goals, methods, teacher role, student
role, key ideas, and so forth). - Answer -Perennialism- Views nature and human nature
as constant, unchanging. Education develops mental discipline needed to search for
eternal truths. Curriculum is based on timeless classics in Western culture.
Essentialism- Views the mind as the central element of reality. Learning happens
through contact with the physical world and reasoning from observation. Curriculum
based on core knowledge for living a productive life.
Romanticism- Nature and human nature are preferable to the evils of organized society.
Needs and interest of students are more important than society's. Learning is self-
guided and the curriculum is led by child's curiosity, than teachers.
Progressivism- Views nature as ever-changing. Knowledge must be constant and
redefined to keep up with the constant change in world. Education is to learn to solve
problems and discover knowledge. The curriculum is based on problems to solve.
Describe the fields of aesthetics and ethics. - Answer -Aesthetic education is an
approach to teaching and learning that engages students in learning about works of art
through hands-on inquiry, questioning, writing, and art making.
Educational ethics is a field which considers ethical problems and dilemmas specific to
the complexities of education, with a view to assisting educators, educational policy-
, makers and school communities to clarify these context-specific problems and making
ethical recommendations for their resolution.
Who is John Dewey, and with which educational philosophy is he most closely
associated? What are considered his most important contributions to American
education? - Answer -John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and
educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.
He was one of the most prominent American scholars in the first half of the twentieth
century.
What is an eclectic philosophy, and what are the hazards associated with holding such
a position? - Answer -An eclectic philosophy consists of believing in different aspects
from different philosophical views. Taking bits and pieces of all the philosophies and
forming a new perspective consisting of those views. However, someone who is eclectic
must be taking this position because they truly feel the aspects they chose as their own
are valuable, not just because they aren't interested in learning what they truly value.
The issue of inconsistency will arise if someone takes the position of eclectic based off
laziness and not seeking their true values because their methods will conflict with one
another and make it difficult for students to follow instructors' reasoning behind it.
List and describe the seven themes in American education. - Answer -Local control-
fear of too-strong federal government. State governments assumed role of educational
authorities and delegated substantial powers to local school boards
Universal Education- education for all children no matter race Public Education-publicly
supported education. Education became compulsory Comprehensive Education- basic
abilities to read, write, and do arithmetic but now also educated for work. Training for
trades and preparation for college
Secular Education- became concerned with producing socially responsible citizens.
Religious studies remained in a private setting Changing Ideas for the
Basics- practical skills. Preparing students to compete in a global market place
Expanding Definitions of Educational Access and
equality- equalize education, offering more curricular choices. Focuses on academic
achievement
Describe the location, time period, and characteristics of dame schools, town schools,
moving schools, district schools, private venture schools, and common schools. -
Answer -THEY WERE ALL IN 1600'S.
Dame New England, Girls learned basic house wife skills.
Town, New England, All kids went to school to learn to read.
Moving, Village to village as they moved, School held in each village for a few months
before moving on. District, New England, Towns were divided into to districts and they
each got a school paid for by town funds.
Private venture, Middle colonies, Licensed but not funded. Parents paid teachers
directly. They accepted or rejected students as desired.
Common,New England, Provide school for an average person
Define the word philosophy. - Answer -The study of the fundamental nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic
discipline
List and define the four branches of philosophical study. - Answer -Metaphysics is the
branch of philosophy that considers the physical universe and the nature of ultimate
reality. It asks questions like, What is real?
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that considers how people come to learn what
they know. Derived from the Greek word episteme, meaning knowledge or
understanding, epistemology refers to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth.
Axiology is the branch of philosophy that considers the study of principles and values.
These values are divided into two main kinds: ethics and aesthetics.
Logic is the branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning. Students of logic
learn how to think in a structurally sound manner.
Compare and contrast inductive and deductive reasoning. - Answer -Inductive
reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a body of observations is synthesized to
come up with a general principle. It consists of making broad generalizations based on
specific observations. Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, is the process of
reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logical conclusion. It
consists of drawing particular conclusions from a general premise
List and describe the characteristics of the four educational philosophies described in
your text. Be able to recognize examples of each (goals, methods, teacher role, student
role, key ideas, and so forth). - Answer -Perennialism- Views nature and human nature
as constant, unchanging. Education develops mental discipline needed to search for
eternal truths. Curriculum is based on timeless classics in Western culture.
Essentialism- Views the mind as the central element of reality. Learning happens
through contact with the physical world and reasoning from observation. Curriculum
based on core knowledge for living a productive life.
Romanticism- Nature and human nature are preferable to the evils of organized society.
Needs and interest of students are more important than society's. Learning is self-
guided and the curriculum is led by child's curiosity, than teachers.
Progressivism- Views nature as ever-changing. Knowledge must be constant and
redefined to keep up with the constant change in world. Education is to learn to solve
problems and discover knowledge. The curriculum is based on problems to solve.
Describe the fields of aesthetics and ethics. - Answer -Aesthetic education is an
approach to teaching and learning that engages students in learning about works of art
through hands-on inquiry, questioning, writing, and art making.
Educational ethics is a field which considers ethical problems and dilemmas specific to
the complexities of education, with a view to assisting educators, educational policy-
, makers and school communities to clarify these context-specific problems and making
ethical recommendations for their resolution.
Who is John Dewey, and with which educational philosophy is he most closely
associated? What are considered his most important contributions to American
education? - Answer -John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and
educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.
He was one of the most prominent American scholars in the first half of the twentieth
century.
What is an eclectic philosophy, and what are the hazards associated with holding such
a position? - Answer -An eclectic philosophy consists of believing in different aspects
from different philosophical views. Taking bits and pieces of all the philosophies and
forming a new perspective consisting of those views. However, someone who is eclectic
must be taking this position because they truly feel the aspects they chose as their own
are valuable, not just because they aren't interested in learning what they truly value.
The issue of inconsistency will arise if someone takes the position of eclectic based off
laziness and not seeking their true values because their methods will conflict with one
another and make it difficult for students to follow instructors' reasoning behind it.
List and describe the seven themes in American education. - Answer -Local control-
fear of too-strong federal government. State governments assumed role of educational
authorities and delegated substantial powers to local school boards
Universal Education- education for all children no matter race Public Education-publicly
supported education. Education became compulsory Comprehensive Education- basic
abilities to read, write, and do arithmetic but now also educated for work. Training for
trades and preparation for college
Secular Education- became concerned with producing socially responsible citizens.
Religious studies remained in a private setting Changing Ideas for the
Basics- practical skills. Preparing students to compete in a global market place
Expanding Definitions of Educational Access and
equality- equalize education, offering more curricular choices. Focuses on academic
achievement
Describe the location, time period, and characteristics of dame schools, town schools,
moving schools, district schools, private venture schools, and common schools. -
Answer -THEY WERE ALL IN 1600'S.
Dame New England, Girls learned basic house wife skills.
Town, New England, All kids went to school to learn to read.
Moving, Village to village as they moved, School held in each village for a few months
before moving on. District, New England, Towns were divided into to districts and they
each got a school paid for by town funds.
Private venture, Middle colonies, Licensed but not funded. Parents paid teachers
directly. They accepted or rejected students as desired.
Common,New England, Provide school for an average person
