Socy 1000 Jim Tyler Final
government - Answer: people and organizations that formulate and implement public policy
Social Contract - Answer: people individually and collectively agree for the common good to
relinquish some of their individual autonomy and freedom to a government that is tasked with
protecting their remaining rights
State of nature - Answer: man is free
State of State of society - Answer: man is oppressed and dependant on others
State under social contract - Answer: man becomes free through obligation; he is only
independent through dependence on law
Coercive power - Answer: usually force someone to submit by force or threat of force
Persuasive power - Answer: convince someone to submit by offering rewards or deals
Politics - Answer: social process through which power is exercised over others
Authority - Answer: form of legitimate power that has widespread social approval, people
submit because they accept the power over them
Traditional authority - Answer: based on custom and habit, it is accepted because that has
always been the case
Legal-rational authority - Answer: based on explicit rules, for example, the constitutionally
established federal government, state governments, etc..
,Socy 1000 Jim Tyler Final
Charismatic authority - Answer: based on unique personal characteristics, people are drawn to
the leaders' personal qualities
Expertise - Answer: derives from possession of specialized knowledge
Influence - Answer: ability to affect the behavior of others through persuasion, rewards,
inducements, and appeals to reason
propaganda - Answer: the misuse of facts, ideas, and opinions to persuade and audience
Censorship - Answer: information is withheld or altered
Ideology - Answer: beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that rationalize and support elite power
and privilege
Nation-states - Answer: governments that have a unified administrative reach across large
territories which sovereignty is claimed
Authoritarian regimes - Answer: power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small
elite who govern without constitutional limits
Dictatorship - Answer: a political system of arbitrary rule by a single individual
Oligarchies - Answer: a small group of elites who wield power and are accountable only to
themselves
Totalitarian regimes - Answer: not content to just rule, they seek to regulate all aspects of
people's lives
, Socy 1000 Jim Tyler Final
Democracy - Answer: a political system based on popular participation in decision making
Direct democracy - Answer: all citizens vote directly on important issues
Indirect or representative democracy - Answer: citizens elects representatives who create public
policy on behalf of the citizens
Civil rights - Answer: free speech, press, assembly, etc. Equal justice under the law
Social rights - Answer: benefits and services available to all citizens
Welfare state - Answer: many european nations have institutionalized social rights: standards of
living, healthcare, education
Interest groups - Answer: groups or organization that seek to influence government policy and
public opinion
Single interest - Answer: single or narrowly defines issue (NRA)
Public interest - Answer: large segments of the population (NAACP)
Political action committees - Answer: organizations whose purpose is to raise and distribute
campaign funds to candidates seeking political office, They pool campaign contributions from
members and donate the funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or
legislation
government - Answer: people and organizations that formulate and implement public policy
Social Contract - Answer: people individually and collectively agree for the common good to
relinquish some of their individual autonomy and freedom to a government that is tasked with
protecting their remaining rights
State of nature - Answer: man is free
State of State of society - Answer: man is oppressed and dependant on others
State under social contract - Answer: man becomes free through obligation; he is only
independent through dependence on law
Coercive power - Answer: usually force someone to submit by force or threat of force
Persuasive power - Answer: convince someone to submit by offering rewards or deals
Politics - Answer: social process through which power is exercised over others
Authority - Answer: form of legitimate power that has widespread social approval, people
submit because they accept the power over them
Traditional authority - Answer: based on custom and habit, it is accepted because that has
always been the case
Legal-rational authority - Answer: based on explicit rules, for example, the constitutionally
established federal government, state governments, etc..
,Socy 1000 Jim Tyler Final
Charismatic authority - Answer: based on unique personal characteristics, people are drawn to
the leaders' personal qualities
Expertise - Answer: derives from possession of specialized knowledge
Influence - Answer: ability to affect the behavior of others through persuasion, rewards,
inducements, and appeals to reason
propaganda - Answer: the misuse of facts, ideas, and opinions to persuade and audience
Censorship - Answer: information is withheld or altered
Ideology - Answer: beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that rationalize and support elite power
and privilege
Nation-states - Answer: governments that have a unified administrative reach across large
territories which sovereignty is claimed
Authoritarian regimes - Answer: power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small
elite who govern without constitutional limits
Dictatorship - Answer: a political system of arbitrary rule by a single individual
Oligarchies - Answer: a small group of elites who wield power and are accountable only to
themselves
Totalitarian regimes - Answer: not content to just rule, they seek to regulate all aspects of
people's lives
, Socy 1000 Jim Tyler Final
Democracy - Answer: a political system based on popular participation in decision making
Direct democracy - Answer: all citizens vote directly on important issues
Indirect or representative democracy - Answer: citizens elects representatives who create public
policy on behalf of the citizens
Civil rights - Answer: free speech, press, assembly, etc. Equal justice under the law
Social rights - Answer: benefits and services available to all citizens
Welfare state - Answer: many european nations have institutionalized social rights: standards of
living, healthcare, education
Interest groups - Answer: groups or organization that seek to influence government policy and
public opinion
Single interest - Answer: single or narrowly defines issue (NRA)
Public interest - Answer: large segments of the population (NAACP)
Political action committees - Answer: organizations whose purpose is to raise and distribute
campaign funds to candidates seeking political office, They pool campaign contributions from
members and donate the funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or
legislation
