PSYC375 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Merton's Norms of Science - ANS Universalism
Communism
Disinteretedness
Organized skepticism
What skeptical thinking boils down to - ANS the means to construct, and to understand, a
reasoned argument and recognize a fallacious or fraudulent argument.
Science is a collection of __________ and __________ for acquiring verifiable knowledge -
ANS principles and techniques
Our research practices are guided by - ANS many unstated metatheoretical assumptions and
values.
False positive psychology - ANS Having small samples, collecting additional dependent
variables, peeking at data, dropping an experimental condition
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Researchers degrees of freedom - ANS undisclosed flexibility in experimental design and
analysis that can lead to spurious effects
What is p-Hacking - ANS Manipulation of data analysis or reporting practices to find
statistically significant results.
Result of p-Hacking on research - ANS Inflates the likelihood of finding false positives,
undermines the reliability of research
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to researcher's intent? - ANS Desire to
publish significant findings
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to ambiguity in data analysis? - ANS Lack
of clear analytical plans
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to lack of pre-planning? - ANS Not
specifying methods before data collection
Hypothesizing After the Results are Known - ANS HARKing
Presenting a post hoc hypothesis as if it were an a priori hypothesis - ANS HARKing
HARKing ruins the meaning of what? - ANS p-values
Open Science - ANS the practice of sharing one's data and materials freely so others can
collaborate, use, and verify the results
Preregistration - ANS publicly communicating planned study design, hypotheses, data
collection, and analyses
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Effect of preregistration - ANS Prevents p-hacking, HARKing
Open Access (OA) - ANS refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on
access and free of many restrictions on use.
Open Science Manifesto - ANS Openness adds credibility and means mistakes are visible
Predatory journals - ANS A type of publication that exploits the open-access model by
charging authors significant fees without providing the standard editorial and publishing
services associated with legitimate academic journals.
The Availability Heuristic - ANS making a decision based on the answer that most easily
comes to mind
Representativeness Heuristic - ANS judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they
seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant
information
Self-Perception Bias - ANS Tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and
see ourselves in a more positive light then others do.
Framing Effects - ANS when people give different answers to the same problem depending
on how the problem is phrased (or framed)
Common Errors of Intuition - ANS The Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Confirmation Bias
Self-Perception Bias
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Framing Effects
Principles that can lead us to more objective, independently verifiable knowledge -
ANS Rationalism
Empiricism
Parsimony
Falsifiability
Rationalism - ANS Syllogisms: Sound premise leads to sound conclusion
Enthymeme - ANS Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated
Empiricism - ANS the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should,
therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Science Gaining knowledge through a scientific approach is a merger of empiricism and
rationalism. What is the empirical part? - ANS the systematic, verifiable observation and
collection of data.
Science Gaining knowledge through a scientific approach is a merger of empiricism and
rationalism. What is the rational part? - ANS The formulation of theories and hypotheses
that expand our existing understandings and challenge our assumptions.
What is a theory? - ANS A statement about how different concepts are related to one
another.
Falsifiability - ANS a feature of a scientific theory, in which it is possible to collect data that
will prove the theory wrong
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Merton's Norms of Science - ANS Universalism
Communism
Disinteretedness
Organized skepticism
What skeptical thinking boils down to - ANS the means to construct, and to understand, a
reasoned argument and recognize a fallacious or fraudulent argument.
Science is a collection of __________ and __________ for acquiring verifiable knowledge -
ANS principles and techniques
Our research practices are guided by - ANS many unstated metatheoretical assumptions and
values.
False positive psychology - ANS Having small samples, collecting additional dependent
variables, peeking at data, dropping an experimental condition
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Researchers degrees of freedom - ANS undisclosed flexibility in experimental design and
analysis that can lead to spurious effects
What is p-Hacking - ANS Manipulation of data analysis or reporting practices to find
statistically significant results.
Result of p-Hacking on research - ANS Inflates the likelihood of finding false positives,
undermines the reliability of research
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to researcher's intent? - ANS Desire to
publish significant findings
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to ambiguity in data analysis? - ANS Lack
of clear analytical plans
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to lack of pre-planning? - ANS Not
specifying methods before data collection
Hypothesizing After the Results are Known - ANS HARKing
Presenting a post hoc hypothesis as if it were an a priori hypothesis - ANS HARKing
HARKing ruins the meaning of what? - ANS p-values
Open Science - ANS the practice of sharing one's data and materials freely so others can
collaborate, use, and verify the results
Preregistration - ANS publicly communicating planned study design, hypotheses, data
collection, and analyses
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Effect of preregistration - ANS Prevents p-hacking, HARKing
Open Access (OA) - ANS refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on
access and free of many restrictions on use.
Open Science Manifesto - ANS Openness adds credibility and means mistakes are visible
Predatory journals - ANS A type of publication that exploits the open-access model by
charging authors significant fees without providing the standard editorial and publishing
services associated with legitimate academic journals.
The Availability Heuristic - ANS making a decision based on the answer that most easily
comes to mind
Representativeness Heuristic - ANS judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they
seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant
information
Self-Perception Bias - ANS Tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and
see ourselves in a more positive light then others do.
Framing Effects - ANS when people give different answers to the same problem depending
on how the problem is phrased (or framed)
Common Errors of Intuition - ANS The Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Confirmation Bias
Self-Perception Bias
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Framing Effects
Principles that can lead us to more objective, independently verifiable knowledge -
ANS Rationalism
Empiricism
Parsimony
Falsifiability
Rationalism - ANS Syllogisms: Sound premise leads to sound conclusion
Enthymeme - ANS Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated
Empiricism - ANS the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should,
therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Science Gaining knowledge through a scientific approach is a merger of empiricism and
rationalism. What is the empirical part? - ANS the systematic, verifiable observation and
collection of data.
Science Gaining knowledge through a scientific approach is a merger of empiricism and
rationalism. What is the rational part? - ANS The formulation of theories and hypotheses
that expand our existing understandings and challenge our assumptions.
What is a theory? - ANS A statement about how different concepts are related to one
another.
Falsifiability - ANS a feature of a scientific theory, in which it is possible to collect data that
will prove the theory wrong
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
