PORTAGE LEARNING A&P 2 FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - ANS Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of neurons.
_______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - ANS gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system? - ANS arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous system
communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal arteries to reach each
kidney. - ANS This statement is false. The kidney and nervous system communicate via the
renal plexus.
List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most superficial). In
which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal and proximal convoluted
tubule sections of the nephron? - ANS The three inner regions of the kidneys include the
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the renal cortex. The cortex houses the glomerular capsules,
the distal convoluted tubule, and the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition dysfunction.
Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly affected in each. -
ANS Incontinence is the inability to control micturition voluntarily. It is a condition typically
seen in infants and the elderly with diagnoses such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can
also occur due to emotional trauma, pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or
spinal cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition after general
anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular activity. Male urinary retention
can also occur due to the overgrowth of the prostate gland, which narrows the urethra, making
micturition difficult. Insertion of a catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to
empty from the bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same neuron. -
ANS False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory neurons, while the
_____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - ANS dorsal, ventral
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - ANS Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. - ANS The
sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or flight" system. When in
immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased supply of glucose and oxygen for
muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the
respiratory rate. This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also
causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic
activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an immediate necessity when in
danger or under attack.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate into new
supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - ANS Basal Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANS parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - ANS Promotes all of the
relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get smaller, aids the lenses of the
eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion of food, and also helps with slowing the
heart beat.
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - ANS motor (efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - ANS Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&CF. B&D - ANS F. B&D
T/F: Neurons come into direct physical contact w/ one another. - ANS False: don't physically
touch.
Describe function and release of neurotransmitters - ANS Neurotransmitters are chemicals
stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals.
When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the transmission
of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANS The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon
terminals
An efferent neuron carries information:
A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system B. From the peripheral to the central
nervous system C. Within the central nervous system
D. Within the peripheral nervous system - ANS A
An afferent neuron carries information: - ANS From the peripheral to the central nervous
system.
True or false, if false explain why the statement is false: the central nervous system consists of
the brain and spinal cord - ANS True
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - ANS central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters: - ANS The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon
terminals.
A postsynaptic neuron would be found - ANS after the synapse
What is the disease for mpaired motor functioning? - ANS apraxia
impaired motor functioning
what is the location and function of satellite cells - ANS location: peripheral nervous system
function: regulate the environment of neuron cell bodies.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - ANS Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of neurons.
_______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - ANS gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system? - ANS arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous system
communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal arteries to reach each
kidney. - ANS This statement is false. The kidney and nervous system communicate via the
renal plexus.
List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most superficial). In
which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal and proximal convoluted
tubule sections of the nephron? - ANS The three inner regions of the kidneys include the
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the renal cortex. The cortex houses the glomerular capsules,
the distal convoluted tubule, and the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition dysfunction.
Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly affected in each. -
ANS Incontinence is the inability to control micturition voluntarily. It is a condition typically
seen in infants and the elderly with diagnoses such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can
also occur due to emotional trauma, pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or
spinal cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition after general
anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular activity. Male urinary retention
can also occur due to the overgrowth of the prostate gland, which narrows the urethra, making
micturition difficult. Insertion of a catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to
empty from the bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same neuron. -
ANS False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory neurons, while the
_____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - ANS dorsal, ventral
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - ANS Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. - ANS The
sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or flight" system. When in
immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased supply of glucose and oxygen for
muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the
respiratory rate. This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also
causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic
activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an immediate necessity when in
danger or under attack.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate into new
supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - ANS Basal Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANS parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - ANS Promotes all of the
relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get smaller, aids the lenses of the
eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion of food, and also helps with slowing the
heart beat.
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - ANS motor (efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - ANS Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&CF. B&D - ANS F. B&D
T/F: Neurons come into direct physical contact w/ one another. - ANS False: don't physically
touch.
Describe function and release of neurotransmitters - ANS Neurotransmitters are chemicals
stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals.
When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the transmission
of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANS The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon
terminals
An efferent neuron carries information:
A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system B. From the peripheral to the central
nervous system C. Within the central nervous system
D. Within the peripheral nervous system - ANS A
An afferent neuron carries information: - ANS From the peripheral to the central nervous
system.
True or false, if false explain why the statement is false: the central nervous system consists of
the brain and spinal cord - ANS True
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - ANS central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters: - ANS The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon
terminals.
A postsynaptic neuron would be found - ANS after the synapse
What is the disease for mpaired motor functioning? - ANS apraxia
impaired motor functioning
what is the location and function of satellite cells - ANS location: peripheral nervous system
function: regulate the environment of neuron cell bodies.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
