KNS 480 Exam 2 Question and
answers verified to pass 2025/2026
· General Nervous System Functions - correct answer ✔o Controls the internal environment through
the influence of the endocrine system
o Has voluntary control of movement which we conduct through exercise
o Has programming spinal cord reflexes
o Assimilation of experiences are necessary for memory and learning to take place
o Peripheral nervous system is divided up into 2 divisions
§ Afferent division and efferent divison
§ Afferent division - correct answer ✔· Arriving to CNS (sensory)
· Has 3 sensory divisions
o Somatic sensory
§ Indicates things like touch, pressure, or temperature. Indicates pain.
o Visceral sensory
§ Sends information about the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
o Special sensory
§ This is confined to the head
§ Respond to visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, equilibrium, taste, and smell.
· Need lots of afferent to tell about our environment
§ Efferent division - correct answer ✔· Exiting the CNS (motor)
· Somatic motor system
o Controls our muscles and voluntary movement
· Autonomic motor system
,o Made up of 3
§ Sympathetic nervous system
§ Parasympathetic nervous system
§ Enteric nervous system
§ Consists of all the neurons that are external to the central structures
o Central nervous system
§ Has the brain and spinal cord
· Relationship between PNS and CNS - correct answer ✔o Central is our brain and spinal while
peripheral is sensory and motor nerves
o When looking at sensory, they are afferent nervous because bringing the signal to the CNS
o Efferent nerves take something from CNS and sending it out to the rest of the body (PNS)
o Somatic nervous system goes to skeletal muscle through alpha motor neurons to cause contraction
o Autonomic is broken into para and sympathetic that go to smooth muscle, cardiac tissues, and other
glands throughout the body.
§ Para: rest and digest's main goal is to conserve energy. Increasing digestion so blood flow to gut is
increases. Will relax all the muscles
· Structure of a neuron
o Cell body - correct answer ✔§ Contains the nucleus
§ Coming out from the cell body is the dendrite and axon
§ Cell body will taper off into the axon hillock that deals with impulse conduction
· Serves as location for post synaptic neuron keeps a total of which neurons are excitatory or inhibitory
· Knows whether an AP will go down this specific axon of a nerves
o Dendrites - correct answer ✔§ Act as the cell's receivers
, § Any AP or impulse that comes from sensory input or neighboring neurons is being received by
dendrites
§ Once signal is received, it goes to the cell body
o Axon - correct answer ✔§ Carries electrical signal from cell body to presynaptic signals
§ To propagate down signal, axon is covered in Schwann cells
· These make up the myelin sheath along the axon
§ Someone who has multiple sclerosis, their myelin sheath is degraded over time
· Taking away myelin sheath limits the ability for axon to send a signal
· This means not effectively communicating to any effector muscles and wont allow for muscular
contraction
o Synapse - correct answer ✔§ How different neurons communicate with each other
§ Axon terminals of one neuron will communicate with the dendrites of a post synaptic cell
· Multiple sclerosis and nervous system function - correct answer ✔o This is a disease of the brain and
spinal cord
o When they have MS, the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath and disrupts
communication from brain to body
§ Can cause permanent damage or deuteriation of nerves
o Results in fatigue, muscle weakness, poor motor control, loss of balance, and mental depression from
inability to do tasks they used to do
o With MS, exercise can improve their overall capacity and lead to an improved quality of life
· Electrical activity in neurons
o Neurons are an excitable tissue - correct answer ✔§ Irritable: ability to respond to a stimulus and
then convert to a neural impulse
· Done with sensory information and then an efferent signal sent out to muscle
answers verified to pass 2025/2026
· General Nervous System Functions - correct answer ✔o Controls the internal environment through
the influence of the endocrine system
o Has voluntary control of movement which we conduct through exercise
o Has programming spinal cord reflexes
o Assimilation of experiences are necessary for memory and learning to take place
o Peripheral nervous system is divided up into 2 divisions
§ Afferent division and efferent divison
§ Afferent division - correct answer ✔· Arriving to CNS (sensory)
· Has 3 sensory divisions
o Somatic sensory
§ Indicates things like touch, pressure, or temperature. Indicates pain.
o Visceral sensory
§ Sends information about the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
o Special sensory
§ This is confined to the head
§ Respond to visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, equilibrium, taste, and smell.
· Need lots of afferent to tell about our environment
§ Efferent division - correct answer ✔· Exiting the CNS (motor)
· Somatic motor system
o Controls our muscles and voluntary movement
· Autonomic motor system
,o Made up of 3
§ Sympathetic nervous system
§ Parasympathetic nervous system
§ Enteric nervous system
§ Consists of all the neurons that are external to the central structures
o Central nervous system
§ Has the brain and spinal cord
· Relationship between PNS and CNS - correct answer ✔o Central is our brain and spinal while
peripheral is sensory and motor nerves
o When looking at sensory, they are afferent nervous because bringing the signal to the CNS
o Efferent nerves take something from CNS and sending it out to the rest of the body (PNS)
o Somatic nervous system goes to skeletal muscle through alpha motor neurons to cause contraction
o Autonomic is broken into para and sympathetic that go to smooth muscle, cardiac tissues, and other
glands throughout the body.
§ Para: rest and digest's main goal is to conserve energy. Increasing digestion so blood flow to gut is
increases. Will relax all the muscles
· Structure of a neuron
o Cell body - correct answer ✔§ Contains the nucleus
§ Coming out from the cell body is the dendrite and axon
§ Cell body will taper off into the axon hillock that deals with impulse conduction
· Serves as location for post synaptic neuron keeps a total of which neurons are excitatory or inhibitory
· Knows whether an AP will go down this specific axon of a nerves
o Dendrites - correct answer ✔§ Act as the cell's receivers
, § Any AP or impulse that comes from sensory input or neighboring neurons is being received by
dendrites
§ Once signal is received, it goes to the cell body
o Axon - correct answer ✔§ Carries electrical signal from cell body to presynaptic signals
§ To propagate down signal, axon is covered in Schwann cells
· These make up the myelin sheath along the axon
§ Someone who has multiple sclerosis, their myelin sheath is degraded over time
· Taking away myelin sheath limits the ability for axon to send a signal
· This means not effectively communicating to any effector muscles and wont allow for muscular
contraction
o Synapse - correct answer ✔§ How different neurons communicate with each other
§ Axon terminals of one neuron will communicate with the dendrites of a post synaptic cell
· Multiple sclerosis and nervous system function - correct answer ✔o This is a disease of the brain and
spinal cord
o When they have MS, the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath and disrupts
communication from brain to body
§ Can cause permanent damage or deuteriation of nerves
o Results in fatigue, muscle weakness, poor motor control, loss of balance, and mental depression from
inability to do tasks they used to do
o With MS, exercise can improve their overall capacity and lead to an improved quality of life
· Electrical activity in neurons
o Neurons are an excitable tissue - correct answer ✔§ Irritable: ability to respond to a stimulus and
then convert to a neural impulse
· Done with sensory information and then an efferent signal sent out to muscle
