Neuroanatomy Final Exam Questions &
Correct and Verified Answers.Latest
update2025/2026 Graded A+, Exams of
Nursing
In the examination room, a patient when lying down with eyes closed complains of a sense that the
head is rotating. If the lesion is in the inner ear the most likely source for the abnormal impulses would
arise from the:
A. vestibule
B. saccule
C. semicircular ducts
D. otoliths
E. endolymphatic duct - CORRECT ANSWERS C. semicircular ducts
A patient with advanced diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy becomes progressively more
clumsy when getting out of bed during the night and walking in the dark. During the day or in a lighted
room movements appear normal. A Romberg sign is present. What would account for the ataxia?
A. further damage to peripheral nerves due to the diabetes
B. damage to the vestibular system
C. pathology; involving the cerebellar fastigial nuclei
D. damage to the dorsal column nuclei
E. damage to the cochlear nuclei - CORRECT ANSWERS B. damage to the vestibular system
Conduction deafness must result from damage to the:
A. incus
B. spiral ganglion
C. spiral organ
D. lateral lemniscus
E. cochlear nuclei - CORRECT ANSWERS A. incus
A patient with the inability to recognize the source of sounds may be expected to have damage to which
of the following nuclei?
A. inferior colliculi
B. superior olivary
C. inferior olivary
D. trapezoid
E. cochlear - CORRECT ANSWERS B. superior olivary
An indigent patient complains of difficulty hearing. Using tuning forks, an examiner can inexpensively
determine the type of deafness and laterality. When the vibrating tuning fork is placed at the middle of
the forehead, the patient does not perceive the tone equally in the right and left ears, but rather hears
the tone louder in the right ear. When the vibrating tuning fork is held next to the ears, it is heard much
louder and longer on the left than on the right. When the tuning fork is placed against the mastoid
process on the right side, the sound is heard. This patient suffers from:
A. conduction deafness of the left side
,B. nerve deafness of the left side
C. conduction deafness on the right side
D. nerve deafness on the right side
E. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS C. conduction deafness on the right side
A 28-year-old male in otherwise good health presents with loss of a portion of visual fields in both eyes
of 1 week duration. Detailed history of the patient does not reveal any previous opthalmological or
neurological deficits. Visual field examination reveals Right Homonymous Hemianopsia. Other aspects of
the neurological exam were normal. In particular, pupils were 2 mm in diameters, equal and reactive to
light. There was no relative afferent pupillary defect. Where are plausible sites in the visual pathway at
which a single lesion could produce the indicated visual field deficit? (THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE
CORRECT ANSWER)
A. Left Optic Nerve
B. Optic Chiasm
C. Right Optic Tract
D. Left Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
E. Right Optic Radiation in Temporal Lobe
F. Left Visual Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS D. Left Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
F. Left Visual Cortex
A patient with homonymous hemianopsia and absence of the direct and consensual pupillary light
reflexes upon shining a small pin-point beam of light onto only the blind half of either retina has a lesion
in the:
A. optic nerve
B. optic chiasm
C. optic tract
D. optic radiation
E. primary visual cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS C. optic tract
A patient presents with a history of gradual loss of visual sensations from only a limited area of the
visual field. Temporally staggered neuroimaging reveals a slowly enlarging mass in the right temporal
lobe white matter. This probable tumor is likely damaging:
A. projections to the right superior brachium
B. geniculocortical radiations to all of the right primary visual cortex
C. right loop of Meyer
D. right optic tract
E. right cuneus gyrus - CORRECT ANSWERS C. right loop of Meyer
A visual deficit caused by a tumor/lesion that is damaging the right loop of Meyer will result in:
A. left homonymous superior quadrantic anopsia
B. right nasal hemianopsia
C. bitemporal hemianopsia
D. left homonymous inferior quadrantic anopsia
E. right macular blindness - CORRECT ANSWERS A. left homonymous superior quadrantic
anopsia
A patient awakens with sensory and motor abnormalities involving the left side of the body and face and
an impairment of vision on the left field of vision. Examination reveals a left hemianesthesia, left spastic
, hemiplegia, and left homonymous hemianopsia. The most likely location for a lesion(s) causing these
deficits would be:
A. two lesions: one in the right ventral posterior thalamic nucleus and the other in the right optic tract
B. a single large right thalamic lesion involving the lateral geniculate nucleus and the ventral posterior
nucleus
C. two cortical lesions: one in the right postcentral gyrus and the other in the right lingual gyrus
D. a single lesion in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule
E. two lesions: one in the right zone of Wernicke and the other in the right spinothalamic tract -
CORRECT ANSWERS D. a single lesion in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule
A stroke in the right parietal lobe may result in:
A. left homonymous lower quadrantic anopsia
B. bitemporal hemianopsia
C. absence of pupillary reflexes with increased light in the left eye
D. left homonymous upper quadrantic anopsia
E. expressive aphasia and blindness - CORRECT ANSWERS A. left homonymous lower
quadrantic anopsia
A pituitary tumor that bisects the optic chiasm causes damage to optic nerve fibers arising from the:
A. left temporal and right nasal retinae
B. left and right nasal retinae
C. right and left temporal retinae
D. right temporal and left nasal retinas
E. none of the above pathways - CORRECT ANSWERS B. left and right nasal retinae
A 63-year-old made was initially admitted to the neurology service because the patient complained of a
slightly drooping eyelid and a small pupil on the right side. The patient also had a persistent cough, and
the history revealed that the patient was a long-term smoker. Physical exam revealed that the patient
was a long-term smoker. Physical exam revealed asymmetric sweating on the face with anhidrosis on
the right side. Sensory and motor responses were normal. The patient was in the process of being
transferred to the oncology serve. What caused the anhidrosis, partial ptosis, and miosis?
A. a lesion of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
B. a lesion of the oculomotor nerve
C. a lesion of the cervical sympathetic trunk
D. a lesion of long ciliary nerves
E. a lesion of short ciliary nerves - CORRECT ANSWERS C. a lesion of the cervical sympathetic
trunk
Chronic vagal nerve stimulation reportedly modulates seizure activity and mood disorders. Chronic vagal
nerve stimulation would also be expected to increase:
A. heart rate
B. respirations
C. gastric secretions
D. libido
E. micturition - CORRECT ANSWERS C. gastric secretions
A lesion destroying the spinal trigeminal tract in the pons results in the loss of the:
A. pinprick in the contralateral forehead
Correct and Verified Answers.Latest
update2025/2026 Graded A+, Exams of
Nursing
In the examination room, a patient when lying down with eyes closed complains of a sense that the
head is rotating. If the lesion is in the inner ear the most likely source for the abnormal impulses would
arise from the:
A. vestibule
B. saccule
C. semicircular ducts
D. otoliths
E. endolymphatic duct - CORRECT ANSWERS C. semicircular ducts
A patient with advanced diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy becomes progressively more
clumsy when getting out of bed during the night and walking in the dark. During the day or in a lighted
room movements appear normal. A Romberg sign is present. What would account for the ataxia?
A. further damage to peripheral nerves due to the diabetes
B. damage to the vestibular system
C. pathology; involving the cerebellar fastigial nuclei
D. damage to the dorsal column nuclei
E. damage to the cochlear nuclei - CORRECT ANSWERS B. damage to the vestibular system
Conduction deafness must result from damage to the:
A. incus
B. spiral ganglion
C. spiral organ
D. lateral lemniscus
E. cochlear nuclei - CORRECT ANSWERS A. incus
A patient with the inability to recognize the source of sounds may be expected to have damage to which
of the following nuclei?
A. inferior colliculi
B. superior olivary
C. inferior olivary
D. trapezoid
E. cochlear - CORRECT ANSWERS B. superior olivary
An indigent patient complains of difficulty hearing. Using tuning forks, an examiner can inexpensively
determine the type of deafness and laterality. When the vibrating tuning fork is placed at the middle of
the forehead, the patient does not perceive the tone equally in the right and left ears, but rather hears
the tone louder in the right ear. When the vibrating tuning fork is held next to the ears, it is heard much
louder and longer on the left than on the right. When the tuning fork is placed against the mastoid
process on the right side, the sound is heard. This patient suffers from:
A. conduction deafness of the left side
,B. nerve deafness of the left side
C. conduction deafness on the right side
D. nerve deafness on the right side
E. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS C. conduction deafness on the right side
A 28-year-old male in otherwise good health presents with loss of a portion of visual fields in both eyes
of 1 week duration. Detailed history of the patient does not reveal any previous opthalmological or
neurological deficits. Visual field examination reveals Right Homonymous Hemianopsia. Other aspects of
the neurological exam were normal. In particular, pupils were 2 mm in diameters, equal and reactive to
light. There was no relative afferent pupillary defect. Where are plausible sites in the visual pathway at
which a single lesion could produce the indicated visual field deficit? (THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE
CORRECT ANSWER)
A. Left Optic Nerve
B. Optic Chiasm
C. Right Optic Tract
D. Left Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
E. Right Optic Radiation in Temporal Lobe
F. Left Visual Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS D. Left Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
F. Left Visual Cortex
A patient with homonymous hemianopsia and absence of the direct and consensual pupillary light
reflexes upon shining a small pin-point beam of light onto only the blind half of either retina has a lesion
in the:
A. optic nerve
B. optic chiasm
C. optic tract
D. optic radiation
E. primary visual cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS C. optic tract
A patient presents with a history of gradual loss of visual sensations from only a limited area of the
visual field. Temporally staggered neuroimaging reveals a slowly enlarging mass in the right temporal
lobe white matter. This probable tumor is likely damaging:
A. projections to the right superior brachium
B. geniculocortical radiations to all of the right primary visual cortex
C. right loop of Meyer
D. right optic tract
E. right cuneus gyrus - CORRECT ANSWERS C. right loop of Meyer
A visual deficit caused by a tumor/lesion that is damaging the right loop of Meyer will result in:
A. left homonymous superior quadrantic anopsia
B. right nasal hemianopsia
C. bitemporal hemianopsia
D. left homonymous inferior quadrantic anopsia
E. right macular blindness - CORRECT ANSWERS A. left homonymous superior quadrantic
anopsia
A patient awakens with sensory and motor abnormalities involving the left side of the body and face and
an impairment of vision on the left field of vision. Examination reveals a left hemianesthesia, left spastic
, hemiplegia, and left homonymous hemianopsia. The most likely location for a lesion(s) causing these
deficits would be:
A. two lesions: one in the right ventral posterior thalamic nucleus and the other in the right optic tract
B. a single large right thalamic lesion involving the lateral geniculate nucleus and the ventral posterior
nucleus
C. two cortical lesions: one in the right postcentral gyrus and the other in the right lingual gyrus
D. a single lesion in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule
E. two lesions: one in the right zone of Wernicke and the other in the right spinothalamic tract -
CORRECT ANSWERS D. a single lesion in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule
A stroke in the right parietal lobe may result in:
A. left homonymous lower quadrantic anopsia
B. bitemporal hemianopsia
C. absence of pupillary reflexes with increased light in the left eye
D. left homonymous upper quadrantic anopsia
E. expressive aphasia and blindness - CORRECT ANSWERS A. left homonymous lower
quadrantic anopsia
A pituitary tumor that bisects the optic chiasm causes damage to optic nerve fibers arising from the:
A. left temporal and right nasal retinae
B. left and right nasal retinae
C. right and left temporal retinae
D. right temporal and left nasal retinas
E. none of the above pathways - CORRECT ANSWERS B. left and right nasal retinae
A 63-year-old made was initially admitted to the neurology service because the patient complained of a
slightly drooping eyelid and a small pupil on the right side. The patient also had a persistent cough, and
the history revealed that the patient was a long-term smoker. Physical exam revealed that the patient
was a long-term smoker. Physical exam revealed asymmetric sweating on the face with anhidrosis on
the right side. Sensory and motor responses were normal. The patient was in the process of being
transferred to the oncology serve. What caused the anhidrosis, partial ptosis, and miosis?
A. a lesion of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
B. a lesion of the oculomotor nerve
C. a lesion of the cervical sympathetic trunk
D. a lesion of long ciliary nerves
E. a lesion of short ciliary nerves - CORRECT ANSWERS C. a lesion of the cervical sympathetic
trunk
Chronic vagal nerve stimulation reportedly modulates seizure activity and mood disorders. Chronic vagal
nerve stimulation would also be expected to increase:
A. heart rate
B. respirations
C. gastric secretions
D. libido
E. micturition - CORRECT ANSWERS C. gastric secretions
A lesion destroying the spinal trigeminal tract in the pons results in the loss of the:
A. pinprick in the contralateral forehead
