OB NSG-432 Exam 2 Topic 3
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
passenger - ANS ✔✔fetus; the way fetus moves through birth canal is effected by fetal head,
fetal presentation, fetal lie, fetal attitude, and fetal position
5 P's - ANS ✔✔passenger, passageway, powers, position, psychological being
size of fetal head - ANS ✔✔anterior fontanel closes around 18mo, posterior fontanel closes at 6-
8wks after birth; uses cranial landmarks to determine fetal presentation, position, attitude
Fetal presentation - ANS ✔✔part of the fetus that first enters the pelvic inlet. The presenting
part is that part which is closest to the internal cervical os; cephalic, breech
(frank/complete/footling), shoulder
fetal lie - ANS ✔✔relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother;
longitduinal/vertical (cephalic or breech) and horizontal/transverse/oblique (requires c section)
fetal attitude - ANS ✔✔usually fetus is flexed with chin resting on chest- this results in vertex
position which is the smallest diameter of the fetal head passing through the maternal pelvis;
general flexion; relation of part to each other
fetal position - ANS ✔✔reference point of presenting of part entering pelvic inlet; consider the
position of the fetus and the effect this has on the presenting part; occiput, sacrum, mentum,
and sinciput
, occiput - ANS ✔✔back part of the skull; should present first as the fetus descends into the
maternal pelvis. This results in the smallest diameter of the fetal head entering the pelvic inlet
and leading through the birth canal
station - ANS ✔✔recorded as a number ranging from -5 to +5 and gives the nurse/provider
information about where the fetal presenting part is located within the pelvis in relation to the
maternal ischial spines; 0 Station is when the presenting part is level with the ischial spines;
negative is above spine and positive is below spine
bony pelvis - ANS ✔✔rigid structure; can influence birth abd labor; gynecoid, android,
anthropoid, platylpelloid
soft tissues - ANS ✔✔Lower segment of uterus, cervix, pelvic floor muscles, vagina, and
introitus;
Powers - ANS ✔✔the primary and secondary forces that affect labor
primary power - ANS ✔✔involuntary, uterine contractions, dilation/effacement, fetal descent
secondary powers - ANS ✔✔voluntary and bearing down (pushing)
Postiion of laboring woman - ANS ✔✔frequent position changes help labor, should be changing
positions often, nurse changes pt position with epidural, squatting is best position for delivery
due to gravity
signs preceding labor - ANS ✔✔noted about 2 weeks before delivery; lightening, urinary
frequency, backache, braxton hicks, weight loss, surge of energy, increased vaginal discharge,
cervical ripening, possible rupture of membranes
stage 1 of labor - ANS ✔✔starts with onset of labor until complete dilation at 10cm
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
passenger - ANS ✔✔fetus; the way fetus moves through birth canal is effected by fetal head,
fetal presentation, fetal lie, fetal attitude, and fetal position
5 P's - ANS ✔✔passenger, passageway, powers, position, psychological being
size of fetal head - ANS ✔✔anterior fontanel closes around 18mo, posterior fontanel closes at 6-
8wks after birth; uses cranial landmarks to determine fetal presentation, position, attitude
Fetal presentation - ANS ✔✔part of the fetus that first enters the pelvic inlet. The presenting
part is that part which is closest to the internal cervical os; cephalic, breech
(frank/complete/footling), shoulder
fetal lie - ANS ✔✔relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother;
longitduinal/vertical (cephalic or breech) and horizontal/transverse/oblique (requires c section)
fetal attitude - ANS ✔✔usually fetus is flexed with chin resting on chest- this results in vertex
position which is the smallest diameter of the fetal head passing through the maternal pelvis;
general flexion; relation of part to each other
fetal position - ANS ✔✔reference point of presenting of part entering pelvic inlet; consider the
position of the fetus and the effect this has on the presenting part; occiput, sacrum, mentum,
and sinciput
, occiput - ANS ✔✔back part of the skull; should present first as the fetus descends into the
maternal pelvis. This results in the smallest diameter of the fetal head entering the pelvic inlet
and leading through the birth canal
station - ANS ✔✔recorded as a number ranging from -5 to +5 and gives the nurse/provider
information about where the fetal presenting part is located within the pelvis in relation to the
maternal ischial spines; 0 Station is when the presenting part is level with the ischial spines;
negative is above spine and positive is below spine
bony pelvis - ANS ✔✔rigid structure; can influence birth abd labor; gynecoid, android,
anthropoid, platylpelloid
soft tissues - ANS ✔✔Lower segment of uterus, cervix, pelvic floor muscles, vagina, and
introitus;
Powers - ANS ✔✔the primary and secondary forces that affect labor
primary power - ANS ✔✔involuntary, uterine contractions, dilation/effacement, fetal descent
secondary powers - ANS ✔✔voluntary and bearing down (pushing)
Postiion of laboring woman - ANS ✔✔frequent position changes help labor, should be changing
positions often, nurse changes pt position with epidural, squatting is best position for delivery
due to gravity
signs preceding labor - ANS ✔✔noted about 2 weeks before delivery; lightening, urinary
frequency, backache, braxton hicks, weight loss, surge of energy, increased vaginal discharge,
cervical ripening, possible rupture of membranes
stage 1 of labor - ANS ✔✔starts with onset of labor until complete dilation at 10cm
