AGPCNP I MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ANS Persistent airflow limitation that is
progressive and associated with chronic cough, inceased dyspnea, and 1 or more exacerbation
per year
Mechanism of copd - ANS Small airway disease (inflammation, fibrosis and increased
resistance) and parenchymal disease (loss of alveolar attachments and decreased elastic recoil)
Copd presentation - ANS Dyspnea, chronic cough/sputum, risk factors, onset mid-life, slowly
progressive
How to diagnose copd - ANS Spirometry (FEV1/FEV < 0.7)
Mild, moderate, severe, very severe copd - ANS FEV1 > 80%, 50-80, 30-50, <30
Spirometry - ANS Measure of the total volume of air the patient can expel from the lungs
after a maximal inhalation
Lab test for copd - ANS Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency screening
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Therapy for copd - ANS Smoking cessation, physical activity, influenza and pneumococcal
vaccines, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, PDE-4
Strategies for smoking cessation - ANS Ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange
Short acting cholinergic drug - ANS Ipratroprium (Atrovent)
Short acting beta agonists - ANS Albuterol
Long acting anticholinergic - ANS Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Long acting beta agonist - ANS Salmeterol
Tx for Mild COPD - ANS SABA (Albuterol) or Anticholinergic (Ipatropium) or Combivent
Tx for moderate copd - ANS Spiriva and Salmeterol, alone or together
Tx for Severe COPD - ANS SABA, LABA, Anticholinergic (short and/or long-acting)
AND
Inhaled CS (Flovent)
Tx for Very Severe COPD - ANS PDE-4 (Roflumilast)
Most common causes of copd exacerbations - ANS URI and infection of the tracheobronchial
tree
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, When to give abx to copd - ANS Increased dyspnea, sputum volume or purulence or
requiring mechanical ventilation
Croup presentation - ANS barking cough worse at night, fall and spring, steeple sign on X-ray,
preceded by URI, low fever, insp stridor, 6mo-3yr
Epiglottis - ANS 3-7yr, h influenza, rapid onset, toxic appearance, drooling, high fever, insp
stridor, severe sore throat, little cough
bronchitis - ANS inflammation of the bronchi, persistent (nonstop) cough, coarse sounds
(rhonchi), lack of specific findings
bronchitis treatment - ANS Albuterol, cough suppressant
Bronchiolitis - ANS Inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles), caused by RSV
Bronchiolitis presentation - ANS Tachypnea, tachycardia, wheezing, retractions, fever, runny
nose, refusal to eat
Bronchiolitis treatment - ANS Increased humidity, O2, monitoring
Pneumonia presentation - ANS Cough, fever, sob, sputum, rales, tachypnea, chills, CP, low
SpO2
causes of pneumonia - ANS Mycoplasma pneumoniae, virus, strep pneumonia, chlamydia,
legionella, h influenza, s aureus
Criteria for XR - ANS Temp >100
HR > 100
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ANS Persistent airflow limitation that is
progressive and associated with chronic cough, inceased dyspnea, and 1 or more exacerbation
per year
Mechanism of copd - ANS Small airway disease (inflammation, fibrosis and increased
resistance) and parenchymal disease (loss of alveolar attachments and decreased elastic recoil)
Copd presentation - ANS Dyspnea, chronic cough/sputum, risk factors, onset mid-life, slowly
progressive
How to diagnose copd - ANS Spirometry (FEV1/FEV < 0.7)
Mild, moderate, severe, very severe copd - ANS FEV1 > 80%, 50-80, 30-50, <30
Spirometry - ANS Measure of the total volume of air the patient can expel from the lungs
after a maximal inhalation
Lab test for copd - ANS Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency screening
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Therapy for copd - ANS Smoking cessation, physical activity, influenza and pneumococcal
vaccines, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, PDE-4
Strategies for smoking cessation - ANS Ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange
Short acting cholinergic drug - ANS Ipratroprium (Atrovent)
Short acting beta agonists - ANS Albuterol
Long acting anticholinergic - ANS Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Long acting beta agonist - ANS Salmeterol
Tx for Mild COPD - ANS SABA (Albuterol) or Anticholinergic (Ipatropium) or Combivent
Tx for moderate copd - ANS Spiriva and Salmeterol, alone or together
Tx for Severe COPD - ANS SABA, LABA, Anticholinergic (short and/or long-acting)
AND
Inhaled CS (Flovent)
Tx for Very Severe COPD - ANS PDE-4 (Roflumilast)
Most common causes of copd exacerbations - ANS URI and infection of the tracheobronchial
tree
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, When to give abx to copd - ANS Increased dyspnea, sputum volume or purulence or
requiring mechanical ventilation
Croup presentation - ANS barking cough worse at night, fall and spring, steeple sign on X-ray,
preceded by URI, low fever, insp stridor, 6mo-3yr
Epiglottis - ANS 3-7yr, h influenza, rapid onset, toxic appearance, drooling, high fever, insp
stridor, severe sore throat, little cough
bronchitis - ANS inflammation of the bronchi, persistent (nonstop) cough, coarse sounds
(rhonchi), lack of specific findings
bronchitis treatment - ANS Albuterol, cough suppressant
Bronchiolitis - ANS Inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles), caused by RSV
Bronchiolitis presentation - ANS Tachypnea, tachycardia, wheezing, retractions, fever, runny
nose, refusal to eat
Bronchiolitis treatment - ANS Increased humidity, O2, monitoring
Pneumonia presentation - ANS Cough, fever, sob, sputum, rales, tachypnea, chills, CP, low
SpO2
causes of pneumonia - ANS Mycoplasma pneumoniae, virus, strep pneumonia, chlamydia,
legionella, h influenza, s aureus
Criteria for XR - ANS Temp >100
HR > 100
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
