PATHOPHARMACOLOGY UNIT 2
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which statement is true about the sodium-potassium pump? - Answer- It maintains the
equilibrium between the intracellular and extracellular fluid.
Which statement reflects the relationship of magnesium to other electrolytes? - Answer-
Serum levels of magnesium are related to serum levels of potassium and calcium.
A person presents with severe burns. The ECG shows extreme dysrhythmias. Which
electrolyte imbalance could be a cause of the rhythm disturbance? - Answer-
Hyperkalemia
Which cations are the primary electrolytes in the extracellular fluid? - Answer- Sodium
and calcium
A person presents with the chief complaint of nausea and vomiting for the past three
days. Which serum electrolyte would be most affected? - Answer- Sodium, Chloride,
Potassium
Which statements reflect the role of magnesium? - Answer- Important to a variety of
enzymatic reactions within the body, Needed for muscle contraction and nerve
transmission, Necessary for the synthesis of proteins and DNA
Which electrolyte is required for the storage of glycogen in the liver? - Answer-
Potassium
An individual presents in diabetic ketoacidosis. Knowing that acidosis influences
electrolyte functioning, which laboratory value would be expected? - Answer- High
potassium
Which statement describes a cause of hypokalemia? - Answer- Laxative abuse, Loop
diuretic therapy
An individual presents in the clinic with repetitive movements in the hands. Which
statement is the probable cause of the repetitive movements? - Answer- Chorea
, Which statement accurately describes the effects of hypocalcemia? - Answer-
Cramping, muscle twitching, and dysrhythmias
A person presents with extreme sweating and a feeling of weakness which developed
while working a construction job. Which serum electrolyte would be seriously impacted?
- Answer- Chloride
Which statement describes the most serious consequence of hypocalcemia? - Answer-
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Which extracellular ion can impact water balance in the body? - Answer- Sodium
An individual arrives for an annual physical, and the lab work shows the chloride level is
high. Which additional electrolyte would you expect to be high? - Answer- Sodium
Match the amount of fluid that corresponds with the appropriate fluid compartment. -
Answer- Plasma 3 liters
Interstitial fluid 12 liters
Total body water 40 liters
Intracellular fluid 25 liters
Match the fluid compartment with its description. - Answer- Fluid that is in the lymphatic
system Extracellular
Fluid that comprises the space inside the cell Intracellular
Fluid that comprises the space between the cells Interstitial
Fluid that comprises the space inside the spinal column and synovial joints Transcellular
Which elements can be found in body fluids? - Answer- Salt, Minerals, Glucose, Protein
How can fluid output be measured in the human body? - Answer- Urine, Emesis,
Wounds, Nasogastric suction
Which mechanisms of fluid homeostasis are immeasurable? - Answer- Solid food
Solid feces
Exhalation
Perspiration
Cellular respiration
Why do men have 10% more total body water (TBW) than women? - Answer- They
have more lean muscle mass.
Which are the characteristics that describe why infants are more vulnerable to changes
in total body water (TBW)? - Answer- 80% of their body weight is water.
They have a greater body surface area.
They lose weight rapidly in the first six months.
They have a high metabolic rate.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which statement is true about the sodium-potassium pump? - Answer- It maintains the
equilibrium between the intracellular and extracellular fluid.
Which statement reflects the relationship of magnesium to other electrolytes? - Answer-
Serum levels of magnesium are related to serum levels of potassium and calcium.
A person presents with severe burns. The ECG shows extreme dysrhythmias. Which
electrolyte imbalance could be a cause of the rhythm disturbance? - Answer-
Hyperkalemia
Which cations are the primary electrolytes in the extracellular fluid? - Answer- Sodium
and calcium
A person presents with the chief complaint of nausea and vomiting for the past three
days. Which serum electrolyte would be most affected? - Answer- Sodium, Chloride,
Potassium
Which statements reflect the role of magnesium? - Answer- Important to a variety of
enzymatic reactions within the body, Needed for muscle contraction and nerve
transmission, Necessary for the synthesis of proteins and DNA
Which electrolyte is required for the storage of glycogen in the liver? - Answer-
Potassium
An individual presents in diabetic ketoacidosis. Knowing that acidosis influences
electrolyte functioning, which laboratory value would be expected? - Answer- High
potassium
Which statement describes a cause of hypokalemia? - Answer- Laxative abuse, Loop
diuretic therapy
An individual presents in the clinic with repetitive movements in the hands. Which
statement is the probable cause of the repetitive movements? - Answer- Chorea
, Which statement accurately describes the effects of hypocalcemia? - Answer-
Cramping, muscle twitching, and dysrhythmias
A person presents with extreme sweating and a feeling of weakness which developed
while working a construction job. Which serum electrolyte would be seriously impacted?
- Answer- Chloride
Which statement describes the most serious consequence of hypocalcemia? - Answer-
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Which extracellular ion can impact water balance in the body? - Answer- Sodium
An individual arrives for an annual physical, and the lab work shows the chloride level is
high. Which additional electrolyte would you expect to be high? - Answer- Sodium
Match the amount of fluid that corresponds with the appropriate fluid compartment. -
Answer- Plasma 3 liters
Interstitial fluid 12 liters
Total body water 40 liters
Intracellular fluid 25 liters
Match the fluid compartment with its description. - Answer- Fluid that is in the lymphatic
system Extracellular
Fluid that comprises the space inside the cell Intracellular
Fluid that comprises the space between the cells Interstitial
Fluid that comprises the space inside the spinal column and synovial joints Transcellular
Which elements can be found in body fluids? - Answer- Salt, Minerals, Glucose, Protein
How can fluid output be measured in the human body? - Answer- Urine, Emesis,
Wounds, Nasogastric suction
Which mechanisms of fluid homeostasis are immeasurable? - Answer- Solid food
Solid feces
Exhalation
Perspiration
Cellular respiration
Why do men have 10% more total body water (TBW) than women? - Answer- They
have more lean muscle mass.
Which are the characteristics that describe why infants are more vulnerable to changes
in total body water (TBW)? - Answer- 80% of their body weight is water.
They have a greater body surface area.
They lose weight rapidly in the first six months.
They have a high metabolic rate.
