NURS 676 week 6 quiz WITH ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
benefits of transdermal estrogen - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔• total
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bypassed).
• Less N/V
|\ |\
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
• lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Type 1 diabetes diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-fasting
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
plasma glucose >/= 126 mg/dL |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-random plasma glucose >/= 200mg/dL PLUS symptoms
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 2-h plasma glucose >/=
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
200mg/dL
-hemoglobin A1C 6.5 or higher |\ |\ |\ |\
which cells produce insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Beta cells of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the islets of Langerhans in pancreas
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Type 1 diabetes management - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. diet
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Physical activity
|\ |\
4. Insulin replacement
|\ |\
,what is given to manage hypertension in diabetics - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔ACEIs or ARBs |\ |\ |\
-reduces risk for diabetic nephropathy
|\ |\ |\ |\
what is given to manage dyslipidemia in diabetics - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Statins |\
Type 1 diabetes complications - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diabetic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ketoacidosis (DKA) |\
heart disease, renal failure, blindness, neuropathy, amputations,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impotence, stroke |\
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) pathophysiology - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔when insulin is not present to move glucose into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cells for energy, the body begins to metabolize fat; fatty acid
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
metabolism results in the formation of ketone bodies; ketone |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bodies are acidic and produce metabolic acidosis, diuresis, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
electrolyte loss |\
Type 2 diabetes management - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lifestyle changes PLUS metformin|\ |\ |\
2. add a second drug (thiazolidinedione, DPP-4 inhibitor, SGLT-2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inhibitor, or GLP-1 receptor agonist |\ |\ |\ |\
3. 3 drug combo
|\ |\ |\
4. Insulin & GLP-1 receptor agonist
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Biguanide
|\ |\ |\ |\
MOA:
1. inhibits glucose production in liver
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. reduces glucose absorption in the gut
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues--increases glucose
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
uptake |\
NOT METABOLIZED|\
SE: GI, lactic acidosis
|\ |\ |\
-Type II, prevention, PCOS, Gestational
|\ |\ |\ |\
Meglitinides (Glinides) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-stimulate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pancreatic insulin release |\ |\
-shorter acting than sulfonylureas and are taken w/ each meal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
repaglinide and nateglinide |\ |\
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Glitazones |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
MOA: |\
-decrease insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake by muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and fat
|\ |\
, -decrease glucose production by liver
|\ |\ |\ |\
SE: hypoglycemia when there is excessive insulin, HF, bladder
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cancer, fractures in women, ovulation
|\ |\ |\ |\
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Gliptins
- enhance actions of incretin hormones to stimulate glucose-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dependent insulin and suppress glucagon release by inhibiting
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DPP-4
-DPP-4 is an enzyme that inactivates incretin hormones
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
AE: hypoglycemia and pancreatitis
|\ |\ |\
Incretin Hormones (GIP and GLP-1) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimulate glucose-dependent release of insulin (2) suppress
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
postprandial release of glucagon |\ |\ |\
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔increases glucose production
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in the liver
|\ |\
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔"-gliflozin" |\
SGLT-2 accounts for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the kidney
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
benefits of transdermal estrogen - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔• total
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bypassed).
• Less N/V
|\ |\
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
• lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Type 1 diabetes diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-fasting
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
plasma glucose >/= 126 mg/dL |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-random plasma glucose >/= 200mg/dL PLUS symptoms
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 2-h plasma glucose >/=
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
200mg/dL
-hemoglobin A1C 6.5 or higher |\ |\ |\ |\
which cells produce insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Beta cells of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the islets of Langerhans in pancreas
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Type 1 diabetes management - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. diet
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Physical activity
|\ |\
4. Insulin replacement
|\ |\
,what is given to manage hypertension in diabetics - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔ACEIs or ARBs |\ |\ |\
-reduces risk for diabetic nephropathy
|\ |\ |\ |\
what is given to manage dyslipidemia in diabetics - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Statins |\
Type 1 diabetes complications - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diabetic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ketoacidosis (DKA) |\
heart disease, renal failure, blindness, neuropathy, amputations,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impotence, stroke |\
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) pathophysiology - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔when insulin is not present to move glucose into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cells for energy, the body begins to metabolize fat; fatty acid
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
metabolism results in the formation of ketone bodies; ketone |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bodies are acidic and produce metabolic acidosis, diuresis, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
electrolyte loss |\
Type 2 diabetes management - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lifestyle changes PLUS metformin|\ |\ |\
2. add a second drug (thiazolidinedione, DPP-4 inhibitor, SGLT-2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inhibitor, or GLP-1 receptor agonist |\ |\ |\ |\
3. 3 drug combo
|\ |\ |\
4. Insulin & GLP-1 receptor agonist
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Biguanide
|\ |\ |\ |\
MOA:
1. inhibits glucose production in liver
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. reduces glucose absorption in the gut
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues--increases glucose
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
uptake |\
NOT METABOLIZED|\
SE: GI, lactic acidosis
|\ |\ |\
-Type II, prevention, PCOS, Gestational
|\ |\ |\ |\
Meglitinides (Glinides) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-stimulate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pancreatic insulin release |\ |\
-shorter acting than sulfonylureas and are taken w/ each meal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
repaglinide and nateglinide |\ |\
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Glitazones |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
MOA: |\
-decrease insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake by muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and fat
|\ |\
, -decrease glucose production by liver
|\ |\ |\ |\
SE: hypoglycemia when there is excessive insulin, HF, bladder
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cancer, fractures in women, ovulation
|\ |\ |\ |\
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Gliptins
- enhance actions of incretin hormones to stimulate glucose-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dependent insulin and suppress glucagon release by inhibiting
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DPP-4
-DPP-4 is an enzyme that inactivates incretin hormones
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
AE: hypoglycemia and pancreatitis
|\ |\ |\
Incretin Hormones (GIP and GLP-1) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimulate glucose-dependent release of insulin (2) suppress
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
postprandial release of glucagon |\ |\ |\
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔increases glucose production
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in the liver
|\ |\
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔"-gliflozin" |\
SGLT-2 accounts for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the kidney
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
